Ancient Egypt

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Ancient Egypt
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Egyptian Funerary Masks
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Funerary Masks

• The Egyptians had several ways to make sure the
  ka could recognize its own body. After the mummy
  was wrapped, a funeral mask was fitted over the
  head and shoulders. The face on the funeral masks
  resembled that of the dead, so soul could
  identify the mummy as its own.

Funeral masks were made out of solid gold (like
King Tut's), wood, or cartonnage (a material
similar to papier-mâché sample at right). Wooden
and cartonnage masks could be painted or gilded
with gold the look of solid gold at a fraction
of the price!
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Coffins To ensure a mummys safety, an Egyptian
embalmer could place it in one or more coffins.
The earliest coffins were boxy and made of wood.
Their decoration was usually very plain As time
passed, the decoration became more elaborate.
Images of gods, hieroglyphs that spelled out
protective prayers, and pictures of amulets
covered almost every square inch of these coffins.
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• In later times, Egyptians began to make
  anthropoid (or mummiform) coffins, which means
  human shaped. Like funeral masks, mummiform
  coffins had faces that resembled the person
  inside for easy recognition. Many of these were
  made of cartonnage because it was cheap, light,
  and easy to work with. Some were gilded with gold
  as well. These coffins were heavily decorated
  with hieroglyphs and pictures of gods and magic
  symbols to protect the mummy on its way to the
  afterlife.
• Images typically found on a mummiform coffins
  include falcons, jackals, vultures, winged suns,
  scarab beetles, lotus blossoms, amulets
  (including shens, ankhs, djeds, tets, and
  wedjats), hieroglyphs, bas, and gods connected to
  the afterlife (such as Osiris, Anubis, Isis,
  Nephthys, the four sons of Horus, Thoth, and
  Nut).

The elaborate decoration on Nes-mut-aat-neru's
coffin fits her status as a member of the
aristocracy.
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Sarcophagus Red granite From Giza, Egypt 5th
Dynasty, 2494-2395 BC 'Palace façade' panelling

• For even more protection, some mummies were
  placed in a sarcophagus. A sarcophagus is a large
  coffin made of stone or gold. Sarcophagi were
  expensive, so only pharaohs and queens, viziers,
  priests, and other important and wealthy people
  were buried in them. Like regular coffins,
  sarcophagi were either boxy or mummiform.
• Information retrieved January 12, 2010, from
  http//www.neferchichi.com/mum3.html

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Sarcophagus of HapmenFound in Cairo, Egypt26th
Dynasty or later, 600-300 BCAlso known as the
'Lover's fountain'
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• Sarcophagus of Merymose
• From Thebes, Egypt
• 18th Dynasty, around 1350 BC
• The viceroy of Nubia in the reign of Amenhotep III

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• Lid of Sarcophagus of Setjau
• Granite from Thebes, Egypt
• 19th Dynasty, around 1230 BC
• Viceroy of Nubia in the reign of Ramesses

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Coffin and mummy of the lady Djedmaatesankh
Cartonnage moulded linen plaster paint gold
leaf inscribed painted Centimetres 27.95
(height), 134.7 (length), 38.1 (width)945-715 BC
Late Period 22nd Dynasty Area of Origin Deir
el-Bahri Egypt
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Mummy cover-wood, painted and gilded 21st
Dynasty Area of Origin Egypt Africa Area of
Use Africa
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Egyptian Funerary Masks

1. Sketch some ideas. Decide on a basic shape or
   plan for your Egyptian-style mask.
2. Draw the mask shape on a large sheet of
   cardboard. Plan space for the plastic facial
   form.
3. Carefully cut out your cardboard shape for the
   mask.
4. Watch the DEMO on how to cut a whole in the
   middle of your cardboard to insert the plastic
   facial form.
5. Use masking tape to hold the facial form in
   place.
6. Print your name on the back with a Sharpie
   marker.
7. Add any raised shapes or details using small
   pieces of cardboard and white glue or masking
   tape.
8. All done? Start tearing small strips and pieces
   of newspaper and store them in a baggie so you
   are ready to start papier-mâché next time!

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