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German Verbs: The present tense, an overview

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The German present tense is equivalent to all of the present tense English forms: ich spiele: I play, I am playing, I do play wir finden: we find, ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: German Verbs: The present tense, an overview


1
German Verbs The present tense, an overview
  • Adapted from http//www.vistawide.com/german/gra
    mmar/german_verbs_present_tense.htm

2
Present tense meanings Whereas English has
multiple present tense forms, German has one form
of the present tense. The German present tense is
equivalent to all of the present tense English
forms ich spiele I play, I am playing, I do
play wir finden we find, we are finding, we do
finder handelt he acts, he is acting, he does
actdu sprichst you speak, you are speaking, you
do speak
3
In addition, the present tense may indicate
future time. In fact, the present tense is used
much more frequently than the actual future tense
to indicate future time in German. Usually, an
adverb of time or the context itself will reveal
that a future time is meant Ich spiele morgen
Tennis.Tomorrow I am playing (will play)
Tennis.Nächstes Jahr reisen wir in die Schweiz.
Next year we are travelling (will travel) to
Switzerland.
4
Present tense formation The forms of German verbs
in the present tense are based on the verb's
infinitive -- this is the form that ends in -n or
-en and that you find in you find in a dictionary
entry. Regular verbs in the present tense The
present tense of regular verbs is formed in the
following manner Verb stem (infinitive minus
-(e)n) personal endings -e, -(e)st, -(e)t,
-en, -(e)t, -en    
5
spielen - to play finden - to find handeln - to act preisen - to praise
 ich spiele ich finde  ich handele ich preise
du spielst du findest du handelst du preist
er spielt sie findet es handelt er preist
wir spielen wir finden wir handeln wir preisen
ihr spielt ihr findet ihr handelt ihr preist
sie spielen Sie finden sie handeln Sie preisen
6
VARIATIONS Most German verbs end in -en.
Verbs whose stems end in -ln or -rn drop only the
-n before adding personal endings wandern,
handeln. With these verbs, the -en personal
ending drops the -e wir fordern, Sie liefern,
wir regeln, sie entwickeln. Verbs whose stems
ends in -d, -t, or -m or -n following another
consonant add an additional -e- before a-t or -st
ending  INFINITIVES finden, arbeiten,
zeichnen, atmen  CONJUGATED du findest, du
arbeitest, es zeichnet, ihr atmet. Verbs whose
stems end in sibilants -s, -ss, -ß, -x, or -z
drop the -s- in the du-form -st personal
ending  INFINITIVES bremsen, heißen, boxen,
reizen  CONJUGATED du bremst, du heißt, du
boxt, du reizt.
Note All German verbs are regular in the
plural forms of the present tense except for sein
(to be), whose forms are listed below.
7
Irregular verbs in the present tense (1)
Stem-changing verbs Stem-changing verbs are
conjugated much the same way as regular verbs,
except there is a stem change in the du- and
er-form conjugations in the present tense. There
are 4 main types of stem changes
a gt ä au gt äu e gt i e gt ie
fahren - to drive laufen - to run sprechen - to speak sehen - to see
 ich fahre  ich laufe  ich spreche  ich sehe
du fährst du läufst du sprichst du siehst
er fährt sie läuft es spricht er sieht
wir fahren wir laufen wir sprechen wir sehen
ihr fahrt ihr lauft ihr sprecht ihr seht
sie fahren Sie laufen sie sprechen Sie sehen
8
VARIATIONS Unlike regular verbs,
stem-changing verbs whose stems ends in -d or
-t do not add an additional -e- before an -st
ending  INFINITIVES laden, raten,
braten.  CONJUGATED er lädt, du rätst, du
brätst. Unlike regular verbs, stem-changing
verbs whose stems ends in -d or -t do not add
an additional -et ending in the er/sie/es-form.
The suffix is omitted completely  INFINITIVES
raten, halten, gelten  CONJUGATED er rät, es
hält, es gilt. Like regular verbs,
stem-changing verbs whose stems end in -s,
-ß, or -z drop the -s- in the du-form -st
personal ending  INFINITIVES messen, lesen,
lassen, essen  CONJUGATED du misst, du liest,
du lässt, du isst.
9
There are 2 stem-changing verbs with that do
not follow any of the above patterns   stoßen
to bump, push o gt ö      ich stoße, du stößt,
er stößt, wir stoßen, ihr stoßt, sie
stoßen.  erloschen to go out (of light, fire) o
gt i       commonly used only in the
er/sie/es-form erlischt.NOTES All
stem-changing verbs are strong verbs.
10
(2) Modal verbs in the present tense The German
language has 6 modal verbs. These verbs can be
grouped together not only because they are used
in much the same way but also because their
formation is also similar.
können müssen dürfen wollen sollen mögen
can, to be able must, to have to may, to be allowed to want to should, to be supposed to to like
 ich kann  ich muss  ich darf  ich will  ich soll  ich mag
du kannst du musst du darfst du willst du sollst du magst
er kann sie muss es darf er will sie soll es mag
wir können wir müssen wir dürfen wir wollen wir sollen wir mögen
ihr könnt ihr müsst ihr dürft ihr wollt ihr sollt ihr mögt
sie können Sie müssen sie dürfen Sie wollen sie sollen Sie mögen
11
NOTES All modal verbs are mixed verbs,
meaning that they share characteristics of both
strong verbs and weak verbs. Modal verbs have
characteristic stem changes in their singular
forms (except for sollen). The ich-form and
er/sie/es-forms of the modal verbs all lack
personal endings and these two forms are also
identical for each verb. Like all other verbs
in German except sein, the plural forms of the
modal verbs are all regular.
12
(3) Other irregular verbs There are 4 irregular
verbs in the present tense in German that do not
fit into any of the above categories sein,
haben, werden, and wissen. These are commonly
used verbs, so their forms should be memorized.
While they share some similarities with other
types of verbs, their conjugations are not wholly
predictable.
sein - to be haben - to have werden - to become wissen - to know
 ich bin  ich habe  ich werde  ich weiß
du bist du hast du wirst du weist
er ist sie hat es wird er weiß
wir sind wir haben wir werden wir wissen
ihr seid ihr habt ihr werdet ihr wisst
sie sind Sie haben sie werden Sie wissen
13
NOTES The verb haben is irregular only in the
du- and er/sie/es-forms, where the b of the verb
stem is omitted. The verb werden is a
stem-changing verb (e gt i). In addition, the verb
omits the personal ending -t in the
er/sie/es-form. The conjugation of werden
follows a pattern similar to that of the modal
verbs. In addition, note that the ß of the
du-form becomes conflated with the -st personal
ending. With the single exception of the verb
sein, all German verbs are regular in the plural
form conjugations. Any irregularities occur in
the singular forms.
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