PROTISTS AND FUNGI

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PROTISTS AND FUNGI
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KINGDOM PROTISTA
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Kingdom Protista

• Eukaryotes (cells with nuclei).
• Live in moist surroundings.
• Unicellular or multicellular.
• Autotrophs, heterotrophs, or both.
• Some can move - others cannot.

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Often referred to as the junk drawer kingdom
Broken into 3 categories

• Animal-like

• Fungus-like

• Plant-like

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Animal-like Protists (Protozoans)

• Unicellular Heterotrophs
• Groups based on movement flagella, cilia,
  pseudopods and the others.

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Protozoans with pseudopods

• Pseudopods false feet
• Cell membrane pushes in one direction the
  cytoplasm flows into the bulge. This allows the
  protozoan to move,
• dragging the rest of the cell behind it.

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Pseudopods, cont.
EXAMPLE OF HOW PSEUDOPODS MOVE
FLOW
PUSH
DRAG
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Pseudopods, cont.
It can form 2 pseudopods to surround trap food.
Then form a food vacuole to break down food in
the cytoplasm.
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Pseudopods, cont.

• Contractile vacuole - it collects extra H2O
  expels it from cell
• Thin cell membrane -
• no definite shape.
• Example of a pseudopod - Amoeba.

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Protozoans with cilia

• Cilia (hairlike structures) help organisms move,
  get food and sense their environment.

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Cilia, cont.

• Food vacuole breaks down food and sends through
  cell.
• Anal pore sends out waste.
• Example - paramecium.

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CONTRACTILE VACUOLE
CILIA
FOOD VACUOLE
ORAL GROOVE
FOOD VACUOLE
ANAL PORE
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Protozoans with flagella

• Organisms called zooflagellates
• Use flagella to move.
• Usually live inside other organisms.

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Other Protozoans

• Called sporozoans - parasites
• Feed on cells body fluids of hosts

Sporozoans like Plasmodium (causes malaria) have
more than 1 host mosquitoes and then humans
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Funguslike Protists

• Like animals - they are heterotrophs
• Like plants - they have cell walls
• Reproduce by spores (tiny cells that can grow
  into a new organism)
• Not in fungi kingdom because they can move at one
  point in their lives.
• An example is slime mold.

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Plantlike Protists

• Better known as algae
• Autotrophs
• Size unicellular to very large
• Contain different pigments so they come in
  different colors.
• Euglena special type of algae -when there is no
  sunlight they become heterotrophic.

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Examples of Protists

• Autotrophs
• green algaebrown algaered algaediatomsdinoflag
  ellateseuglenoids

• Heterotrophs
• amoeboidsciliateszooflagellatessporozoansplasm
  odial slime moldscellular slime moldswater
  molds

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KINGDOM FUNGI
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Roles of Fungi

• Environmental decomposers
• Provide food
• Cause diseases
• Fight diseases

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Fungi Kingdom

• Eukarayotes.
• Heterotrophs
• Use spores to reproduce.
• Cell walls made of chitin
• Non-motile
• Need warm, moist places to grow.
• Saprobes live on dead organisms
• Examples yeast, molds and mushrooms.

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Fungi -Obtaining food

• use a structure called hyphae to get their food.
• Except for yeast which are unicellular.
• Hyphae threadlike tubes. Shape of fungi depends
  on how hyphae used.

AND...
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• Grows hyphae into food
• Hyphae secrete digestive chemicals into food
• Hyphae absorb
• nutrients

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Reproduction in Fungi

• produce spores with a protective covering
  carried by water and air.
• spores land in a warm, moist place they grow.

AND...
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Reproduction in Fungi, cont.
When very moist, fungi reproduce asexually by
releasing the spores. When conditions are poor,
they reproduce sexually, making new spores that
are different from both parents.
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• Since yeast is unicellular, they reproduce by
  budding. A well fed cell grows from the body of
  the mother cell and breaks off from the mother.

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Four classifications of Fungi

• Threadlike - produce spores in their threadlike
  hyphae (ex. Bread mold)
• Sac - produce spores in structures that look like
  sacs (ex. Yeast, lichen)

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Club - produce spores in structures that look
like clubs (ex. Mushrooms) Imperfect - those
that cannot reproduce sexually, cause the most
fungal diseases (ex. Penicillin, ringworm,
athletes foot)
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Ticket Out

• Draw a venn diagram comparing and contrasting
  protists to fungi.
• You need to have at least 3 points in each
  category.