Stories about Honesty

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• Stories about Honesty
• The cherry tree George Washington
• The empty pot the Emperor's Seed

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Crying Wolf
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• The Boy Who Cried Wolf, also known as The
  Shepherd Boy and the Wolf, is a fable attributed
  to Aesop. The protagonist of the fable is a bored
  shepherd boy who entertained himself by calling
  out Wolf! Nearby villagers who came to his
  rescue found that the alarms were false and that
  they had wasted their time. When the boy was
  actually confronted by a wolf, the villagers did
  not believe his cries for help and the wolf ate
  the flock (and in some versions the boy). The
  moral is stated at the end of the fable as
• Even when liars tell the truth, they are never
  believed. The liar will lie once, twice, and then
  perish when he tells the truth.

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• In the mid-1980's researchers at Cleveland State
  University made a startling discovery.
• They conducted an experiment by creating two
  fictitious job candidates David and John. The
  candidates had identical resumes and letters of
  reference. The only difference was that John's
  letter included the sentence "Sometimes, John can
  be difficult to get along with". They showed the
  resumes to a number of personnel directors. Which
  candidate did the personnel directors
  overwhelmingly prefer?
• Difficult to get along with, John.
• The researchers concluded the criticism of John
  made praise of John more believable. Admitting
  John's wart actually helped sell John. Admitting
  flaws gives you more credibility. A key to
  selling.

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• To Lie or Not to Lie?
• P99
• Discuss the following cases in groups and see
  what you would probably say in each of the
  situations and why.

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• What would you do?
• P100
• Discuss in groups what you would do in the
  following situations.

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• In-class Reading
• Cheating Alive and Flourishing
• It is difficult to get a handle on
  .
• The cheating habits in elementary
  school,
• in high school and in
  college. Parents care more about their
  than about their
  . The problem is more likely to
  .

scholastic cheating
take root
bud
flower
childrens success
moral development
get worse than to get better
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• The roots of the problem must be dealt with in
  the home because it is there that children must
  be helped to develop enough to
  make occasional failure an unthreatening prospect
  and enough of to
  overcome the urge to cheat. Many parents are
  . The
• between parents words and
  their actions drives children crazy.

self-esteem
a sense of right and wrong
abdicating their responsibility
inconsistency
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• Students in colleges still offer papers not
  written by themselves and seem to find
  to be irresistible. Parents
  and teachers encourage cheating by their own
  . No one seems much bothered about
  . Even the most outspoken
  opponents of cheating are
  .
• Professors are turning to open-book exams, the
  dual purpose of which is to 1)
  .
• 2) .
• Some colleges have set up faculty sub-committees
• to on the
  pedagogical goals of exams.

peeking at each others tests
attitudes
cheating in youngsters
less critical of youngsters who cheat
foster conceptual thinking
make crib sheets and peeking useless
create a campus-wide dialog
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• The way to stop students from cheating in college
  is to
  . And parents have to take the
  responsibility.
• Listen to the recording of the text and try to
  answer the following questions.

keep them from developing the habit in high
school
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• 1. Para 1 In which way are American eating
  habits similar to scholastic cheating?
• 2. Para 37 According to teachers, who is likely
  to cheat and why do they cheat?
• 3. Para 417 What should children be taught
  about failure?
• 4. Para 6 What does the author imply by saying
  that the inconsistency drives children crazy?
• 5. Para 8 What does a way of life mean?
• 6. Para 13 What is conceptual thinking?
• 7. Para 16 What is a two-income family? What
  is the elusive goal?

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• Para 1 In which way are American eating habits
  similar to scholastic cheating?
• This involves a contrast. People say they
  watching their weight, but at the same time they
  probably eat a lot of snack foods. Students
  cheated on exams but people say the problem is
  not serious. People claim to be trying hard to
  stop cheating, yet it is flourishing.
• 2. Para 37 According to teachers, who cheats
  and why do they cheat?
• Top students at top schools are the worst
  offenders. Parents care more about their
  childrens success than their moral development.
  The pressure and values from the parents
  eventually become their own.
• 3. Para 417 What should children be taught
  about failure?
• Occasional failure does not mean the end of the
  world, but just an indication that more work
  needs to be done. Its not as bad as many people
  often believe.

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• 4. Para 6 What does the author imply by saying
  that the inconsistency drives children crazy?
• Children feel confused when they find their
  parents behavior is no consistent with their
  words. Since parents are not honest themselves,
  how could their children be taught about the
  sense of right and wrong?
• 5. Para 8 What does a way of life mean?
• It means a common practice. Students cheat so
  often that it is almost routine.
• 6. Para 13 What is conceptual thinking?
• It is a learning approach. The learner tries to
  understand concepts rather than memorize facts
  and formulas.
• 7. Para 16 What is a two-income family? What
  is the elusive goal?
• It refers to a family in which both parents work.
  (vs DINK)
• The elusive goal is to keep children from
  developing the habit at high school.

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• Language Points
• 1. ll. 2-4 Everyone says he is watching his
  weight yet the streets are full of overweight
  folk, and the snack-food industry reports record
  sales.
• watch pay attention to or be careful of sth
• e.g. Watch your language in front of ladies,
  young man!
• I have to watch my weight.
• record higher, lower, better, worse etc. than
  ever before
• China's railways carry record-high of 6.3 mln
  passengers.
• Record-high number of Chinese flock to
  post-graduate exam.
• Chinese New Year sales hit record high of 5
  billion.

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• 2. ll. 20-21 too many parents are abdicating
  that responsibility. Students just arent
  brought up to see cheating as dishonest
• abdicate give up formally a high office or
  responsibility
• abdicate a right
• abdicate the throne in sb.'s favor
• seeas--- think of / regard / consider / treat
  / look on / perceive / take as
• The library doesnt see the Wilson collection as
  valuable.
• I think of him as someone who will always help
  me.
• Stress is widely perceived as contributing to
  heart disease.

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• 3. Para. 6 A child cheats on an exam and his
  parents get outraged. Yet he keeps hearing his
  folks talk about cheating on expense accounts or
  income taxes. The inconsistency drives children
  crazy.
• folks (pl.) (AmE) parents and / or relatives
• Im going home to see my folks.
• consist consistent inconsistent
  inconsistency
• be compatible with accord in agreement with
• The information consists with her account.
• What you said is inconsistent with what you did.
• There is a great inconsistency between what you
  said and what you did.

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• 4. ll.46-51 At least one schoolissues a
  pamphlet for its faculty that describes some of
  the more ingenious methods students may use to
  cheat (written crib sheets attached to cap
  visors, writing a couple of math formulas on
  their hand ) and ways to stop them. Several
  others are tightening their computer security,
  after having discovered that computer hackers
  were breaking into electronic college files in
  order to alter their grades.

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• 5. L61 But I cant lay a guilt trip on a child
  for cheating it is too tempting, too common and
  too much a part of human nature. (translate)
• 6. L64 I wouldnt be comfortable with an honor
  code like ours in grammar school or even high
  schoolour system really says, you are on the
  threshold of being an adult, of taking
  responsibility for your actions. (translate)
• 7. L74 I give open-book problems without unique
  solutions. (translate)
• 8. L86 They are worried whether, in a society
  where two-income families and high-pressure jobs
  are prevalent, that is an ever more elusive goal.

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• Translation
• 1. ??????????????
• The housing prices in Chinas big cities hit
  record high.
• 2. ??????????,???????
• We should take the fact as a basis and the law as
  a criterion.
• 3. ????????????????
• There are many inconsistencies in your proposal.
• 4. ?????,?????????,???????????????
• To the students, shoplifting is dishonest
  writing a couple of math formulas on their hand
  is not.
• 5. ?????????????????????????,???????????????
• The approach serves a dual purpose it fosters
  conceptual thinking and makes crib sheets and
  peeking useless.

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• After-class Reading
• PASSAGE ONE
• 1. According to the passage, how many types can
  lies be classified into? What are they?
• Social lies, peace-keeping lies, protective lies
  and trust-keeping lies.

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• 2. Decide which type of lie each of the following
  situations falls into.
• 1) A woman expects her best friend to cover for
  her if her husband suspects what is true that
  she had been having an affair.
• 2) You reduce what you really paid for your shoes
  when your mother asks you about the price.
• 3) The doctor reassures a patient that he is
  recovering though his condition is actually
  deteriorating.
• 4) You promised to keep your friends secret, for
  which you had to lie to your other friends.
• 5) You might lie to your friend about their
  hairdo because it really is hideous.
• 6) You forgot to call a friend, but you explained
  that you called many times and the line was busy.
  
• 3. Give more examples in your daily life to
  illustrate the above four types of lies.

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• PASSAGE TWO
• According to the passage, which of the following
  will be considered unethical practices?
• The accused in court does not tell the truth in
  order to win the case.
• The defendants attorney does not reveal the
  truth in order to get his clients off.
• An employee tells lies to his boss for fear of
  losing his job.
• A poker player hides a useful card up his sleeve.
• A poker player marks the cards so that he can
  recognize them immediately.
• A poker player talks loudly so as to distract
  others attention.
• A poker player gets other players drunk while he
  himself stays sober.
• A poker player hides his strength and intentions
  from other players.
• If permitted by the law, a businessman can make a
  killing without considering who is going to be
  hurt.
• A businessman practices occasional bluffs but
  never breaks the law.
• Key 4?5

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• Cover Letter Writing Tips
• What is a cover letter?
• Cover letters are simply a letter of
  introduction.  In these letters you are
  explaining who you are and why you are writing to
  the resume reader.  It is a matter of courtesy
  that you introduce yourself when you are
  requesting an interview. 
• What Instances Require a Cover Letter? If you
  are not shaking hands with the hiring decision
  maker and introducing yourself, then you need a
  cover letter to introduce you. On the other hand,
  if you are sending a resume by mail, if you give
  your resume to a friend to hand in, or if you
  leave your resume with the hiring manager's
  secretary then you are not shaking the hiring
  manager's hand and you need to have a cover
  letter enclosed with your resume.

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• What is included in a cover letter?
• It is recommended that letters be 3-4 paragraphs
  to address the following 4 topics in a succinct
  manner.
• 1) For what position are you applying?2)
  How did you learn of the position or company?3)
  Why are you perfect for the position?4) How can
  you be contacted?

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