Aerobic Endospore formers Bacillus

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AerobicEndospore formersBacillus

• Filename Bacillus.ppt

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Epidemiology of Anthrax

• Disease/bacterial factors
• Transmission
• Who is at risk
• Geography/ season
• Incidence
• Modes of control

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Bacillus

• Gram positive
• Rod
• Spore formers
• Obligate aerobe

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B. anthracis colony

• Medusa head

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Bacillus Spore
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Bacillus pathogens

• B. anthracis
• anthrax
• B. subtilis
• eye infections
• B. cereus
• 2 forms offood poisoning
• Bacillus spp
• wounds, chronic ulcers, dust and soil

• B. alvei
• Foulbrood
• fatal disease of bees

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Anthrax

• Mainly cattle, sheep, goats, horses
• Man infected by contact with diseased products
• Human transmission possible
• Outbreak in Gambia

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Anthrax Incidence

• Humans incidence dropping steadily
• 100,000 globally /year
• 1-2 /year North America
• Endemic in animals in some states
• California, Louisiana, Mississippi, Arkansas,
  Texas, Dakota, Nebraska

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Forms of Anthrax

• Cutaneous
• 95 of human cases
• Intestinal
• common in cattle
• grazing
• Pulmonary
• now rare

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Anthrax Wool sorters Disease
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Stevadores Disease
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Anthrax Eschar

• Appears on exposed parts of body

Hide sorters disease or Stevadores disease
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Anthrax Eschar

• spore germinates at site of entry
• black, malignant
• painless
• May heal spontaneously
• septicemia
• 20 mortality

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Evolution of an Anthrax Eschar
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Evolution of an Eschar
Treatment was started immediately
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Pulmonary Anthrax

• Now rare
• mortality approaches 10
• Wool Sorters Disease
• industrial mills 19th century
• Pneumonia
• survives phagocytosis
• lymph nodes
• septicemia

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Anthrax Pathogenesis

• Capsules
• antiphagocytic
• protein capsule
• Toxin
• Exotoxin
• pH 7.4, stabilized by serum bicarbonate
• 3 sub components

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Anthrax toxin

• Edema factor (EF)
• 88.9 Kda calmodulin dependent
• adenylate cyclase
• Lethal factor (LF)
• 90.2 Kda
• zinc metalloprotease
• Protective antigen (PA)
• 82.7 Kda
• 20KDa fragment hyrdolyzed

EF PA edema
LF PA necrosis
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Action of Anthrax Toxin
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The End
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Bacillus cereus Food Poisoning
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