What are the different parts of the Innate Immune System?

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What are the different parts of the Innate Immune
System?
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Immune System

• Innate Immunity-Bodies earliest line of defense,
  born with it, non-specific
• Skin
• Secretions
• Sweat, mucous, tears
• Contain lysozyme (enzyme)
• Inflammation
• Redness, swelling, pain, heat
• Allow white blood cells to enter site
• Fever-kills pathogen

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• Macrophages
• Form of white blood cell
• Big eaters
• Use lysosomal enzymes to destroy infection
• Pus-collection of white blood cells and pathogens
• Interferons-Proteins that protect cells from
  viruses

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• Acquired Immunity-defending against a specific
  pathogen
• Terms
• Antigens-foreign substance that stimulate immune
  response (on pathogen)
• Antibody-proteins in blood that corresponds with
  specific antigen (we make)
• Lymphatic system
• Lymph Nodes (tonsils)
• Lymphocytes-white blood cell used for acquired
  immunity

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• Antibody Immunity
• New Pathogen attacked by macrophage
• Macrophage displays antigen of pathogen on cell
  membrane
• Helper T cell (lymphocyte) connects with antigen
  on macrophage

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1. Helper T cell then goes to a B cell (lymphocyte)
   and shows B cell the antigen
2. B cell becomes a Plasma cell and produces
   antibodies to attack pathogen

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• Some B cells become Memory B cells
• Memory B cells have antibody on them
• If same pathogen enters body the Memory B cells
  and antibodies attack immediately

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What is the difference between active and passive
immunity?
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• Cellular Immunity
• New Pathogen attacked by macrophage
• Macrophage displays antigen of pathogen on cell
  membrane
• Helper T cell (lymphocyte) connects with antigen
  on macrophage

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1. Helper T cell becomes Killer (Cytotoxic) T cell
2. Killer T cell makes clones
3. Killer T cells attack cell with pathogen in it

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• Passive Vs. Active Immunity
• Passive
• Antibodies are given from one person to another
• Can be given after somebody already has the virus
• Antibodies are transferred from mother to baby
  (placenta or milk)
• Active
• Happens when a person is exposed to antigen
  (pathogen)
• Vaccines
• Pathogen that is weak or dead is injected into
  someone

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• Aids
• Caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus
• Enters in Helper T cells
• Retrovirus that uses reverse transcriptase
• Enters into lysogenic cycle
• Can stay as provirus for 6 months to 10 years as
  T cells divide
• Eventually destroys helper T cells (lytic cycle)