Toxoplasmosis

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Toxoplasmosis
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Toxoplasma gondii, Life-cycle
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Toxoplasma gondii,
ACUTE PHASE
CHRONIC PHASE
Immunity
Immunity -
Tachyzoites rapidly dividing forms
Bradyzoites slowly dividing forms
ACTIVATION
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TOXOPLASMOSIS

• Transmission of infection
• 1 Congenital ( /1000 pregnancies)
• 2 Acquired
• Ingestion of oocystcontaminated
  fingers,soil,water
• Ingestion of cyst in undercooked meat.
• Blood transfusion ( including WBC platelets) and
  organ transplant
• 3 Reactivation of infection
• Immunocompromised e.g. AIDS
• Immunosuppression e.g. drugs

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Toxoplasmosis
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Toxoplasmosis in Pregnancy

• Abortion
• Overt disease. The symptoms vary widely, the
  classical triad of Congenital Toxoplasmosis is
• Hydrocephalus
• Intracranial calcification
• Chorioretinitis
• Subclinical infection no symptoms at birth
• Late onset symptoms (most common in the eyes
  Chorioretinitis)
• No symptoms at all
•  

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Toxoplasmosis

• Risk Factors
• Presence of cats
• Poor sanitation , mild humid climate
• Food habits
• Pregnancy
• Control
• Proper handling of pet cats
• Avoid raw or undercooked meat.
• Prevent exposure of pregnant women to infection.
• Screening of pregnant women for Toxoplasma
  antibodies.

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Toxoplasmosis in Pregnancy

• In general The earlier in pregnancy the mother
  is infected, the lower is the risk of an
  infection of the fetus, but the severer is the
  disease. The later in pregnancy the mother is
  infected, the higher is the possibility of fetal
  infection, and the disease is less severe (often
  subclinical infection)

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Congenital Toxoplasmosis
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Treatment of Toxoplasmosis

• Sulfonamides and pyrimethamine (Daraprim) are two
  drugs widely used to treat toxoplasmosis in
  humans.
• Spiramycin a drug used in France to treat
  pregnant women to minimize the effects of
  congenital toxoplasmosis