Oceans 11

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Oceans 11
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Oceans inspire and challenge
Hurricane Juan
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Oceans provide life
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And take it
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Oceans are fun
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Oceans are calm
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Oceans are un-stoppable

• http//www.asiantsunamivideos.com/

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• Oceanography is the science of understanding the
  oceans, how they work, how they came into
  existence, how they affect our daily lives, the
  creatures that live in them, and how they may be
  impacted by changes caused by human influences

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Oceanography

• Four disciplines
• Biological Oceanography- studies marine
  organisms, their interactions with environment
  and the controls on their distribution

Copepod (zooplankton)
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• 2) Physical Oceanography-
• studies ocean currents, waves, tides and water
  circulation

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• 3) Chemical Oceanography- studies sea water
  chemistry

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• 4) Geological Oceanography- studies the shape and
  structure of the ocean basins and how they form
  and evolve

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Undersea earthquakes and other disturbances cause
tsunamis, or great waves. The largest recorded
tsunami measured 210 feet above sea level when it
reached Siberia's Kamchatka Peninsula in 1737.
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Origin of Ocean

• -Volcanic venting of volatile substance,
  including water vapor (out gassing)
• -10 million years of continuous rainfall. Ice
  from comets (still going on).
• - Ocean formed by 4 billion years ago, and is
  still growing (.01 km3 of water/yr.).

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Ninety percent of all volcanic activity occurs in
the oceans
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Life originates in the Ocean

• Earth had very dim light, keeping surface of
  oceans frozen to 300 m.
• Most of ocean a protected stable and liquid
  environment.
• First self-sustaining molecules may have
• formed near hydrothermal vents.

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Answers

• 1) The oceans cover 71 percent of the Earth's
  surface and contain 97 percent of the Earth's
  water. Less than 1 percent is fresh water, and
  2-3 percent is contained in glaciers and ice
  caps.

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Hydrothermal Vents Where it all
Begins?Currently many scientists think that life
may have begun on Earth in the vicinity of
deep-oceanic, hydrothermal vents. This type of
environment was anticipated by Charles Darwin,
some 150 years before, who wrote'But if we
could conceive in some warm little pond, with
all sorts of ammonia and phosphoric salts,
light, heat electricity etc, present'

• 2) Life originated in the ocean

First discovered in 1977, oases of life that
include giant, red-plumed tubeworms live on the
Pacific Ocean floor near hydrothermal vents. This
is deeper than where sunlight can penetrate to
provide the energy needed for photosynthesis. At
the base of the food chain are bacteria that
nourish themselves through a process of
chemosynthesis. Drawing their energy from gases
dissolved in warm or hot springs, mainly hydrogen
sulfide, they are able to manufacture sugars and
starches from carbon dioxide and water.
                        Photo courtesy The
Stephen Low Company
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• 3) The ocean contains 97 percent of the Earth's
  water.
• 4) Ocean The vast body of saline water that
  occupies the depressions of the earths surface
• 5) Water covers 361 million square kilometers

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• 6) Atlantic, Pacific, Arctic, and Indian
  (although sometimes the Antarctic Ocean or the
  Southern Ocean is referred to - it's the ocean
  south of 50 South latitude, surrounding
  Antarctica). Pacific is the deepest with an
  average depth of 2.5 miles, a little over 4 km.

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• 7) Canada has the longest coastline of any
  country, at 56,453 miles ( 90 823 km) or around
  15 percent of the world's 372,384 miles of
  coastlines

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• 8) Australia7687000 square km
• (is renowned for its poisonous sea creatures!)

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Hapalochlaena lunulata Blue ringed octopus
Box Jellyfish Sea wasp
Children who have been stung by the sea wasp
have died within minutes of being stung.
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• 9) Although Mount Everest, at 29,028 feet, is
  often called the tallest mountain on Earth, Mauna
  Kea, an inactive volcano on the island of Hawaii,
  is actually taller. Only 13,796 feet of Mauna Kea
  stands above sea level, yet it is 33,465 feet
  tall if measured from the ocean floor to its
  summit

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• 10)1,370,000,000 cubic km of ocean water

1 cubic m
1000m 1km
1km
1km
1km
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• 11) The highest tides in the world are at the Bay
  of Fundy, which separates New Brunswick from Nova
  Scotia. At some times of the year the difference
  between high and low tide is 53 feet 6 inches,
  the equivalent of a three-story building

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• 12) At the deepest point in the ocean the
  pressure is more than 8 tons per square inch, or
  the equivalent of one person trying to support 50
  jumbo jets.

The Marianas Trench in the Pacific Ocean is
11,033 meters (36,201 feet) below sea level. If
Mount Everest were placed inside of this trench,
it would disappear
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• 13) At 4 degrees Celsius, the temperature of
  almost all of the deep ocean is only a few
  degrees above freezing.

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• 14) If mined, all the gold suspended in the
  world's seawater would give each person on Earth
  20kg.

Mr. T style bling!
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• 15) If the ocean's total salt content were dried,
  it would cover the continents to a depth of 1.5m.