CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM

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CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM

• Presented by
• Iniekem Effanga, Ph. D. Student
• Walden University
• Environmental Health (PUBH-8165 1)
• Instructor Dr. Raymond Thron
• Winter Quarter, 2010

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Learning Outcomes

• Increase knowledge base of foodborne botulism in
  infants, young children, the elderly, and the
  immunocompromised
• Help reduce the incidence of foodborne illness
  caused by Clostridium botulinum
• http//www.fda.gov/Food/FoodSafety/FoodborneIllnes
  s/FoodborneIllnessFoodbornePatho...

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CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM
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Learning Objectives

• Name of the Organism
• Clostridium botulinums
• An anaerobic, Gram-positive, spore-forming rod
  that produces a potent neurotoxin
• The spores are heat-resistant and can survive in
  foods that are incorrectly processed

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Natural Reservoirs

• C. botulinum and spores are widespread in the
  environment occurring predominantly in soils and
  marine sediments (USDA, 2010).
• Found in sewage, aerosols, several foods and dust
• http//fsrio.nal.usda.gov/nal_web/fsrio/fsheet.php
  ?id233

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C. Botulinum
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Mode of Botulism Transmission

• Contaminated foods
• (particularly home-canned goods)
• Honey (ingestion)
• Dust and Aerosols
• http//fsrio.nal.usda.gov/nal_web/fsrio/fsheet.php
  ?id233

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Canned Foods
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Home Canned Tomatoes
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Nature of the Disease

• Four types of botulinum is recognized
• 1. Foodborne botulinum
• 2. Infant botulinum
• 3. Wound botulinum
• 4. Undetermined botulinum

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Foodborne Botulism

• The consumption of foods containing the
  neurotoxin produced by C. botulinum is the major
  cause of foodborne botulinum disease
• Foodborne botulinum is a severe type of food
  poisoning that can be fatal if not treated
  immediately and properly
• http//www.fda.gov/Food/FoodSafety/FoodborneIllnes
  s/FoodborneIllnessFoodbornePatho...

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Food Poisoning
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Botulism Symptoms

• Symptoms usually appears 12-36 hours after eating
  contaminated food
• In rare cases, symptoms may not develop for
  several days
• http//www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/communicable/factshee
  ts/BotulismFoodborne_42031_0504...

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Treatment with Botulism Antitoxin

• Equine antitoxin
• Effective for treatment of wound botulism,
  intestinal, and foodborne
• Available through CDC are the trivalent and
  bivalent antitoxin

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Botulism Infection Control

• Botulism is not transmitted from person-to-person
• Foodborne botulism is not contagious
• Use universal precaution when taking care of
  botulism patients
• http//www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/communicable/factshee
  ts/BotulismFoodborne_42031_0504...

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Infant Botulism

• Affects infants under 12 months of age
• C. botulinum spores produces toxin in the
  intestinal tracts of infants
• Soil, cistern water, dust and foods honey is a
  dietary reservoir of C. botulinum
• http//www.fda.gov/Food/FoodSafety/FoodborneIllnes
  s/FoodborneIllnessFoodbornePatho...

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Infant Botulism

• Infants with botulism presents with
• Poor feeding
• Constipation
• Weak cry
• Poor muscle tone known as floppy baby syndrome

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Wound Botulism

• The illness results when C. Botulinum by itself
  or with other microorganisms infest a wound and
  produces toxins which reach other parts of the
  body via the blood stream (FDA, 2010).
• This is the rarest form of botulism

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Undetermined Category of botulism

• This involves adults cases in which a specified
  food or wound source cannot be identified (FDA,
  2010).
• Might result in intestinal colonization in
  adults, with in vivo production of toxin (FDA,
  2010).
• http//www.fda.gov/Food/FoodSafety/FoodborneIllnes
  s/FoodborneIllnessFoodbornePatho...

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Detection methods

• Critical for early and accurate serotype
  determination (USDA, 2010)
• Administration of an appropriate antitoxin
  treatment
• http//fsrio.nal.usda.gov/nal_web/fsrio/fsheet.php
  ?id233

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Botulism Prevention

• All canned and preserved foods must be properly
  processed and prepared
• Home canned foods should be boiled for 10 minutes
  before eating
• Bulging containers should not be opened
• http//www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/communicable/factshee
  ts/BotulismFoodborne_42031_0504...

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References

• FDA. (2010). Bad Bug Book Foodborne pathogen
  microorganisms and natural toxins
• handbook. Retrieved from
• http//www.fda.gov/Food/FoodSafety/FoodborneIllnes
  s/FoodborneIllnessFoodbornePatho...
• Francisco, A. M. O., Arnon, S. S. (2007).
  Clinical mimics of infant botulism. Journal of
  the
• American Academy of Pediatrics, 119(4), 826-828.
  doi 10.1542/peds.2006-0645
• Jyotike, J. (2009). Toxinin a can Eat drink
  better. Retrieved from
• http//eatdrinkbetter.com/2009/11/11/toxin-in-a-ca
  n
• Schneider, Parish, Goodrich, and Cookingham
  (2004). Preventing foodborne illness
• Clostridium botulinum. Retrieved from
  http//edis.ifas.ufl.edu
• USDA. (2009). Pathogen and Contaminants A focus
  on Clostridium botulism. Retrieved from
• http//fsrio.nal.usda.gov/nal_web/fsrio/fsheet.php
  ?id233

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References

• WDHS. (2010). Botulism foodborne fact sheet
  Botulism, Foodborne. Retrieved from
• http//www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/communicable/factshee
  ts/BotulismFoodborne_42031_0504...
• WHO. (2010). Clostridium botulinum International
  Programme on chemical safety poisons
• information monograph 858 bacteria. Retrieved
  from www.who.int/en/
• Yule, A. M., Barker, I. K., Austin, J. W.,
  Moccia, R. D. (2006). Toxicity of clostridium
  botulinum
• type E neurotoxin to great lakes fish
  Implications for avian botulism. Journal of
  Wildlife
• Diseases, 42(3), 479-493.

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Useful Resources

• www.foodsafety.gov
• www.fda.gov
• www.cdc.gov
• www.who.int
• http//fsrio.nal.usda.gov
• www.ncbi.nlm.gov

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Appreciation

• Thank you for attending. I hope that you have
  learned from this presentation about the
  foodborne illness/disease, and are better
  informed about the causes and ways to prevent
  Clostridium botulism
• Knowledge is power

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Questions are welcomed

• Please feel free to ask any questions regarding
  this presentation
• If you have concerns and/or need clarification on
  the subject matter, Ill be glad to provide you
  with more information