Introduction to Biomechanics

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Introduction to Biomechanics

• IE497B
• Dr. R. A. Wysk

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The human skeleton
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Bone components
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Cortical Bone
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Osteonal Bone
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Joints

• Fibrous
• Fibrous joints connect bones without allowing any
  movement. The bones of your skull and pelvis are
  held together by fibrous joints. The union of the
  spinous processes and vertebrae are fibrous
  joints.
• Cartilaginous
• Cartilaginous joints are joints in which the
  bones are attached by cartilage. These joints
  allow for only a little movment, such as in the
  spine or ribs.
• Synovial
• Synovial joints allow for much more movement than
  cartilaginous joints. Cavaties between bones in
  synovial joints are filled with synovial fluid.
  This fluid helps lubricate and protect the bones.
  Bursa sacks contain the synovial fluid.

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Synovial Joints

• Synovial joints allow for much more movement than
  cartilaginous joints. Cavaties between bones in
  synovial joints are filled with synovial fluid.
  This fluid helps lubricate and protect the bones.
  Bursa sacks contain the synovial fluid.

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Ball and socket Joints

• A ball and socket joint allows for radial movment
  in almost any direction. They are found in the
  hips and shoulders.

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Ellipsoid Joints

• Similar to a ball and socket joint -- allow the
  same type of movement to a lesser magnitude. The
  wrist is an ellipsoid joint.

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Saddle Joints

• A saddle joint allows movement back and forth and
  up and down, but does not allow for rotation like
  a ball and socket joint.

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Pivot Joints

• Pivot joints allow rotation around an axis. The
  neck and forearms have pivot joints. In the neck
  the occipital bone spins over the top of the
  axis. In the forearms the radius and ulna twist
  around each other.

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Gliding

• In a gliding or plane joint bones slide past each
  other. Metacarpal and metatarsal joints are
  gliding joints

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The knee
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A bad joint?!?

• 30-50 of all sports injuries
• 0.2 of the general population per year for knee
  ligament problems
• ACL and MCL are 90 of all sport injuries
• Women are 2-8 times greater risk

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Long bone
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Long bone contd
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Summary

• Human body is a very complex system
• Bones are very strong mechanical members
• Self healing
• Can be very slippery