Housing Frameworks Unit 2

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Housing Frameworks Unit 2

• PGHS
• Mrs. Judy Moore

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2.1 Terms related to construction.

• Architecture--the profession of designing
  buildings, open areas, communities, and other
  artificial constructions and environments,
  usually with some regard to aesthetic effect.
  Architecture often includes design or selection
  of furnishings and decorations, supervision of
  construction work, and the examination,
  restoration, or remodeling of existing buildings.
  

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• Blueprint--a copy in white lines on a blue
  ground, of a drawing, plan, tracing, etc., or a
  positive picture in blue and white, from a
  negative, produced by photographic printing on
  peculiarly prepared paper

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• Casement--a window sash opening on hinges that
  are generally attached to the upright side of its
  frame.
• Classical cornice--ornamental horizontal moldings
  or bands

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• Dormera structure that projects through a
  steeply sloping roof. The window set in this
  structure is called a dormer window.
• Double hung--having two vertically sliding
  sashes, each closing a different part of the
  opening.

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• Ductlarge round tube or rectangular boxlike
  structure that delivers heated and AC air to
  distant rooms or spaces
• Eaves--the overhanging lower edge of a roof.

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• Elevationa diagram that provides a side view
  usually shows one wall of a room or a house
  exterior and displays relative heights and
  architectural features.
• Floor plana diagram of a home or other structure
  that shows the arrangement of rooms.

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• GableTriangular end walls formed by a gable or
  pitched roof
• Gambrel (roof)a roof that has two slopes on each
  side, the upper slope being flatter than the
  lower slope, allowing interior space for
  full-sized upstairs rooms

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• Glazing--to furnish or fill with glass to glaze
  a window.
• Hip roofa roof with four sloped sides.

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• Insulationmaterial used to restrict the flow of
  heat between a houses interior and the outdoors.
• Mansard Roofa variation of the gambrel roof
  designed by a French architect named Mansard.
  The low slopes of the roof encircle the house,
  and dormers often project from the steeply
  pitched part of the roof.

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• Orientationthe position of a home on its site
  and the direction the home faces.
• Palladian (window)--referring to or relating to
  or having the style of architecture created by
  Andrea Palladio "the much imitated arch and
  column compositions known as the Palladian motif"
  

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• Plumb--in a perpendicular or vertical direction
  exactly, precisely, or directly
• R-valueA measure of how well a material
  insulates or resists heat movement

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• Soffit--The underside of a structural component,
  such as a beam, arch, staircase, or cornice
• Vapor barriermaterials added to walls and attic
  areas to help reduce drafts and prevent moisture
  from getting into a home

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• Weather strippinga strip of material that covers
  the edges of a window or door to prevent moisture
  and air from entering the house.

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2.2 Development and features of architectural
styles

• Realtor Magazine Online
• www.realtor.org/rmomag.nsf/pages/archindex?OpenDoc
  ument
• Architecture Guide Past and Present

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2.2.1 Identify styles of architecture.

• http//architecture.about.com/od/periodsstyles/ig/
  House-Styles/mission-724232.htm

http//www.oldhouseweb.com/stories/Features/Archit
ectural_Housing_Styles/
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Activity

• Video
• Chapter reviewchapter 6
• Collage of housing styles using magazines to
  illustrate as many styles as possible and naming
  each.

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2.2.2 Identify roof shapes.
http//www.gordonmott.com/styles.html
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2.2.3 Identify types of windows.
http//www.peach99.com/products/windows_basics.asp
http//www.peach99.com/products/entrydoors_basics.
asp
Bay Window
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Palladian
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Hood Mold
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Oriel
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Ribbon Windows
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Casement
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Jalousie
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2.3 Basic structural features and their purposes
in housing construction.

• FoundationUnderlying base and support of a home.
  Consists of footing and foundation walls.
• Footingcontinuous concrete base that supports
  the foundation wall below ground level.

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• Crawl Space18-24 inches of space between the
  ground and the bottom floor of the home.
• Crawl Space leaves enough room to crawl under the
  house to reach electrical wiring and parts of the
  plumbing and heating systems.
• Usually gravel or soil, covered with plastic to
  prevent rotting of wood above.

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• Slaba home that has no basement or crawl space.
  The concrete footing and short foundation walls
  under the home hold up a slaba poured layer of
  concrete about 4 inches thick. Best used in
  areas where frost heave would not be a problem.

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• Frameskeleton of the house
• Steel
• wood
• Floor frame
• Sill platefirst piece of floor frame attached to
  the foundation
• Floor frame consists of girders, joists, and sub
  floor
• Standard floors are built to hold up 100 pounds
  per square foot

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• Wall Framebuilt on top of the floor frame
• Supports the ceiling, upper floors, and roof
• Serves as a nailing base for wall finishes
• Includes
• Vertical studs and horizontal plates
• Headers above doors and windows
• 2 X 4 or 2 X 6 construction
• Load-bearing wallssupport floor and ceiling
• Nonbearing walldoes not support any weight from
  the structure and it may be removed.

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• Ceiling and Roof Framesconsists of a series of
  rafters that support the weight of the roof.
• Slope of rafters establishes the roof pitchthe
  angle of the roof.

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• Termite guardsill sealer placed on top of the
  foundation wall
• Sill platethe first piece of lumber bolted to
  the foundation wall
• Floor joistattached to the sill plate and
  support the floor
• Sub floorfloor frame is covered by rough
  flooring of ply wood and is nailed directly to
  floor joist.

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• Sidingexterior wall covering
• Brick
• Wood
• Vinyl
• Steel
• Stucco
• Fiberglass

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• Roofing
• Shingles
• Slate and tile
• Steel
• Copper
• concrete

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• Insulation
• R-value the rating of insulation to resist
  winter heat loss and summer heat gain.
• Recommended R-valueR-11 for warmer climates and
  R-28 for colder climates
• To determine R-valuemultiply the thickness of
  insulation by its R value per inch
• ExampleInsulation has a R value of 5, you use
  2 inches of it to get an insulation value of R-10.

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• Insulation
• Types
• Blanketex. Fiberglass
• Losse-fillex. Blown in or poured in cellulose
• Foampumped through a tube or sprayed on
• Rigidpanel sometimes with aluminum foil on one
  side
• Reflectivetin or foil covered sheet metal very
  effective in keeping heat from entering a home

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• Vapor Barriers
• Materials that help reduce draft
• Barrier should be placed properly placing the
  barrier toward the inside of the wall in cold
  climates and toward the outside of the wall in
  warm climates if air conditioned.
• Types
• Asphalt-laminated paper
• Aluminum foil
• Foil-backed gypsum board
• Plastic film

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2.4 Factors involved in evaluating floor plans
and blue prints.
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2.4.1 Evaluate a floor plan or blueprint.

• Your set of blueprints will consist of several
  pages, each one of which includes information
  crucial to the construction of your new house.
  You should expect the following
• Foundation plan. Indicates the type of foundation
  usually a full or partial basement, crawlspace,
  or slab and all of the specifications necessary
  for constructing it, including dimensions and
  locations for footings.
• Framing plan. Indicates how all of the walls
  should be constructed, including the size of the
  lumber to be used usually 2x4 or 2x6.
• Floor plans. One for each level of the house,
  these indicate the sizes and locations of all of
  the rooms in the house, all the doors and
  windows, and any built-in elements, such as
  plumbing fixtures and cabinets.

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2.4.1 Evaluate a floor plan or blueprint.

• Detail drawings. Close-up drawings of special
  details, such as built-in shelving, moldings, and
  columns.
• Window and door schedules. Lists the sizes and
  quantities of all the doors and windows, both
  interior and exterior, that will be included in
  the house.
• Electrical schematic drawings. Shows locations of
  all the outlets, switches, and fixtures. Also
  indicates which switches operate which lights,
  and where the electric lines should be run.
• Plumbing schematic drawings. This indicates the
  locations of all the plumbing fixtures and piping.

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2.4.1 Evaluate a floor plan or blueprint.

• Roof plans. Includes the details needed for roof
  construction, including type, pitch, and framing.
• Interior elevation drawings. Drawings of a
  selection of the interior walls.
• Exterior elevation drawings. Drawings of all four
  sides of the house's exterior.
• Cross-section drawings. Shows a cross-section
  view of a particular section of the house from
  roof to foundation. A cross-section will indicate
  details, such as ceiling height, ceiling type
  (flat or vault, for instance), and window and
  door dimensions.

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2.5 Symbols and abbreviations on blueprints with
meaning and identifications.
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• 2.5 Symbols and abbreviations on blueprints with
  meaning and identifications.
• Scale
• Blue print floor plans are typically drawn to a
  ¼" scale of the actual size of the home. This way
  the builder will be able to scale the drawing of
  the home and come up with the correct
  measurement. As a general accepted rule a ¼"
  scale means that for every ¼" on the plan will
  account for 1' of actual length. Some details,
  like framing layouts or built-in details may be
  drawn at a scale of 1/8" or even ¾"

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Elevations

• Blue Prints also generally include four elevation
  drawings of a home, the front, the rear and each
  side. The purposes of these drawings are so that
  measurements can be taken for any necessary
  aspect and are drawn to scale and also indicate
  what the home will look like upon completion.
  Elevation blue prints also include ridge heights,
  exterior finishes, roof pitches and other design
  aspects to give a general idea of the finished
  home. These exterior specifications can also
  provide details about the home's exterior
  architectural styling.

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How to Measure Roof Slope and Pitch

• The angle of a roof is measured and referred to
  by either slope or pitch. The slope of a roof is
  the number of inches a roof rises in 12 inches of
  horizontal run. A roof with a 5-in-12 slope rises
  5 inches for every 12 inches of horizontal run.
  Pitch expresses the same two measurements as a
  fraction. The same roof has a 5/12 pitch.

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2.5.1 Identify housing symbols and abbreviations
on blueprints.

• ActivityRead blue prints and identify as many
  symbols as possible in 10 minutes.

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2.6 Use of CAD (Computer Aided Design) in the
design of a architectural plans.
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2.7 Functions of lighting.
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2.7.1 Relate the effects of design and
construction on lighting.
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2.8 Guidelines for selecting appropriate
lighting fixtures.
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2.8.1 Plan lighting for a one bedroom apartment.
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2.9 Efficient work areas in the home.
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2.9.1 Identify kitchen work centers and
layouts.Basic Kitchen Layouts

• IV. U-shaped
• V. Peninsula
• VI. Island

• I. One wall
• II. Corridor
• III. L-shaped

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Cook and Serve Center
Sink Center
Refrigerator or Storage Center
Mixing Center
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Work Triangle--an imaginary triangle with the
major work centers as its three focal
points. I. should range between 12-22
foot II. Should not allow for traffic passing
from one room to another 1. Accidents 2.
cuts down on efficiency
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WALL OR STRAIGHT KITCHEN WORK TRIANGLE
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CORRIDOR OR GALLEY WORK TRIANGLE
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U-SHAPED WORK TRIANGLE
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L-SHAPED WORK TRIANGLE
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PENINSULA WORK TRIANGLE
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PENINSULA STYLE KITCHENS
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Example of a convenient, barrier free home
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2.9.2 Plan a convenient and efficient work areas.

• As a individual, plan a convenient and efficient
  work area in the kitchen, home office, hobby or
  craft room, or garage. Select a room and show
  the items that makes the room efficient and
  convenient. (Must show a minimum of 5
  conveniences that you have included in this
  area). Write a paragraph that explains your plan.

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2.11 Energy conservation measures in home
design, construction, and equipment.

• www.epa.gov
• http//www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?cproducts.es_
  at_home
• Energy Star appliances may cost more when
  investing in them, but over time will provide
  saving on the amount of energy required to run
  them. Compare the different appliances on the
  energy label.

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Geo Thermal Heating and Cooling
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SOLAR HEATING
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HOW SOLAR HEATING WORKS
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PASSIVE SOLAR HEATING