The Ocean Depths! (1)

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The Ocean Depths! (1)

• Wooooo - Boogey - Boogey!

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Areas of the Deep Sea
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How Surface Water Masses Reach The Bottom
near Greenland
Thermohaline Circulation
Near the Antarctic
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The Great Ocean Conveyor Belt
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The Mesopelagic
The Twilight Zone
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Deep Sea Life Is Closely Correlated With Plankton
Abundance And Light Intensity
Thermocline
Bottom of Mesopelagic Zone No Light exists here
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The Mesopelagic Home Of The Oxygen Minimum Zone
Mesopelagic
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Food Sources in the Deep Sea
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A Few Mesopelagic Critters
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Mesopelagic Crustaceans
Opossum shrimp
krill
true (decapod) shrimp
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A Very Large Ostracod or Seed Shrimp This One
is 1 cm in Length
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Mesopelagic Squid Showing Photophores
Photophores, or light organs, are characteristic
of many animals in the mesopelagic they are
active in bioluminescence
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Vampire Squid Exhibiting Photophores
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Typical Mesopelagic Fishes
hatchetfish
pacific viperfish
lanternfish
dragonfish
longnose lancetfish
barracudina
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Adaptations of Mesopelagic Fishes

• Small body size limited food supply
• Large mouths hinged to disarticulate
• Generalized omnivores with abundant, long, sharp
  teeth
• Feeding habits migrators and non-migrators
• Sense organs tubular eyes with 2 retinas
  well-developed lateral lines

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Adaptations Cont. Coloration and Body Shape

• Countershading
• Transparency especially in upper areas of
  mesopelagic
• Lateral compression of the body
• Photophores and Bioluminescence

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Bioluminescent Mesopelagic Fish
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Mesopelagic Fishes Vertical Migrators vs.
Non-Migrators
Lanternfishes
Dragonfishes
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An Adaptation for Large Prey Hinged Jaws!
Viper fish
Rattrap fish
Opportunists of the Deep
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Convergent Evolution of Tubular Eyes in
Mesopelagic Organisms
Krill bilobed eye
Midwater fish - Scopelarchus
Deep-Sea Octopus
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The Field Of Vision Of A Typical Mesopelagic Fish
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Having Photophores Is Adaptive !
Squid Without Photophores
Squid With Photophores
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Cross-Section of a Krills Photophore
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The Ocean Depths! (2)

• Wooooo - Boogey - Boogey!

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Below the Mesopelagic The World of Perpetual
Darkness

• Below this zone which stops at about 1,000 meters
  is the
• Bathypelagic - 1,000 to 4,000 meters
• Abyssopelagic - 4,000 to 6,000 meters
• Hadopelagic below 6,000 meters and into the
  trenches

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The Bathypelagic Home Of Perpetual Darkness
Mesopelagic
Bathypelagic (upper reaches)
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Adaptations of Deep-Sea Pelagic Fishes
An Anglerfish
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Adaptations In Two Closely Related Bristlemouth
Fishes
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Some Deep-Sea Fishes
Anglerfish Note very small, parasitic male
Swallower
Gulper
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The Problem Of Finding A Mate

• Produce light ! (bioluminescence)
• Produce an odor ! (pheromones)
• Be a parasite and attach to the other sex !
• Be a hermaphrodite and say to heck with it !

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Fish Life On the Floor
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The Deep Ocean Floor
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Characteristics Of Fish From Different Depths Of
The Pelagic
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Anatomy Of The Giant Hydrothermal-Vent Tube Worm
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Sampling Methods for the Mesopelagic and Beyond
A Remote-Controlled Midwater Trawl
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The Chambered Nautilus A Relic Species From The
Past
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