Historic American Indians in Utah

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Historic American Indians in Utah

• Presented by B. Page

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Bell Activity
This is a no gum class. Please dispose of it
properly!

• Your word is descendant and tradition
• Find the word on your pink study guide and
  complete the following information for the word.
• Find the definition using a glossary.
• Use your own knowledge and experience to complete
  the rest of the definition.
• Where should your backpack be?

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Does your work look something like this?
Word descendent Word descendent My Understanding 4 3 2 1
Definition Definition Draw a picture of it
Draw a picture of it
Draw a picture of it
Sentence Sentence Draw a picture of it
Draw a picture of it
Draw a picture of it
Synonym/Example Antonym/Non-Example Draw a picture of it
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Does your work look something like this?
Word descendent Word descendent My Understanding 4 3 2 1
Definition a child, grandchild, great- Definition a child, grandchild, great- Draw a picture of it
grandchild, etc. grandchild, etc. Draw a picture of it
Draw a picture of it
Sentence The descendents of the Sentence The descendents of the Draw a picture of it
Fremont became the Shoshone, Goshute, Fremont became the Shoshone, Goshute, Draw a picture of it
Paiute, and Ute tribes of today. Paiute, and Ute tribes of today. Draw a picture of it
Synonym/Example posterity, offspring Antonym/Non-Example ancestors, progenitor Draw a picture of it
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Does your work look something like this?
Word tradition Word tradition My Understanding 4 3 2 1
Definition Definition Draw a picture of it
Draw a picture of it
Draw a picture of it
Sentence Sentence Draw a picture of it
Draw a picture of it
Draw a picture of it
Synonym/Example Antonym/Non-Example Draw a picture of it
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Does your work look something like this?
Word tradition Word tradition My Understanding 4 3 2 1
Definition a long-established or Definition a long-established or Draw a picture of it
inherited way of thinking or acting inherited way of thinking or acting Draw a picture of it
Draw a picture of it
Sentence Modern Native Americans Sentence Modern Native Americans Draw a picture of it
have many traditions that have been have many traditions that have been Draw a picture of it
passed down from their ancestors. passed down from their ancestors. Draw a picture of it
Synonym/Example custom, habit fireworks on July 4 Antonym/Non-Example original,innovation Draw a picture of it
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Bell Activity
This is a no gum class. Please dispose of it
properly!

• Your word is disdain
• Find the word on your pink study guide and
  complete the following information for the word.
• Find the definition using a glossary.
• Use your own knowledge and experience to complete
  the rest of the definition.
• Where should your backpack be?

8
Does your work look something like this?
Word disdain Word disdain My Understanding 4 3 2 1
Definition to look upon with contempt Definition to look upon with contempt Draw a picture of it
or disgust or disgust Draw a picture of it
Draw a picture of it
Sentence Most Europeans were Sentence Most Europeans were Draw a picture of it
disdainful of Native American cultures. disdainful of Native American cultures. Draw a picture of it
Draw a picture of it
Synonym/Examplecontempt, scorn, condescension Antonym/Non-Example respect admire, value Draw a picture of it
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Bell Activity
This is a no gum class. Please dispose of it
properly!

• Take out your study guide and answer questions
  14-21 on it using your notes, activities, and
  pages 50-54 in your book.

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Goals for today

• Content Objective - We will be able to
  describe the basic details of the lifestyles
  of the five tribes of Utahbefore contact
  withnon-Indians.
• Behavior Collaboration Work with your table
  partners to fill out the table about modern
  Native American tribes of Utah.

• Language Objective We will compare (explain how
  they are similar) and contrast (explain how they
  are different) these groups with each other, and
  earlier peoples who lived in Utah.

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Where N 55-56 Shelter N 57-58, O 54 Food N 56-57, O 53-54 Culture N 59-61, O 55 Beliefs N 62-63, 55-57
Ute
Shoshone
Goshute
Paiute
Navajo
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Where N 55-56, O 52-53 Shelter N 57-58, O 54 Food N 56-57, O 53-54 Culture N 59-61, O 55 Beliefs N 62-63, 55-57
Ute Fertile valleys mountains in Eastern Utah.
Shoshone Fertile valleys mountains in Northern Utah.
Goshute Great Basin desert in Western Utah. Very dry.
Paiute Dry regions of Southwest Utah.
Navajo Dry regions of Southeast Utah.
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Where N 55-56, O 52-53 Shelter N 57-58, O 54 Food N 56-57, O 53-54 Culture N 59-61, O 55 Beliefs N 62-63, 55-57
Ute Fertile valleys mountains in Eastern Utah. Teepee
Shoshone Fertile valleys mountains in Northern Utah. Teepee made from buffalo, elk, or deer hides.
Goshute Great Basin desert in Western Utah. Very dry. Wikiup
Paiute Dry regions of Southwest Utah. Wikiups made from branches, twigs, grasses, and brush.
Navajo Dry regions of Southeast Utah. Hogan are made from logs with a mud/adobe cover. They had 5 sides and represent the earth.
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Where N 55-56, O 52-53 Shelter N 57-58, O 54 Food N 56-57, O 53-54 Culture N 59-61, O 55 Beliefs N 62-63, 55-57
Ute Fertile valleys mountains in Eastern Utah. Teepee Hunters gatherers Used the horse to hunt buffalo and other large animals.
Shoshone Fertile valleys mountains in Northern Utah. Teepee made from buffalo, elk, or deer hides. Hunters gatherers Used the horse to hunt buffalo and other large animals.
Goshute Great Basin desert in Western Utah. Very dry. Wikiup Hunters gatherers Used 100 different plants for food and medicine. Ate crickets.
Paiute Dry regions of Southwest Utah. Wikiups made from branches, twigs, grasses, and brush. Hunters gatherers The Paiutes also farmed along rivers and streams.
Navajo Dry regions of Southeast Utah. Hogan are made from logs with a mud/adobe cover. They had 5 sides and represent the earth. Raised sheep and goats, and also hunted and gathered
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Where N 55-56, O 52-53 Shelter N 57-58, O 54 Food N 56-57, O 53-54 Culture N 59-61, O 55 Beliefs N 62-63, 55-57
Ute Fertile valleys mountains in Eastern Utah. Teepee Hunters gatherers Used the horse to hunt buffalo and other large animals. Created tools, clothes, and other items from the natural environment.
Shoshone Fertile valleys mountains in Northern Utah. Teepee made from buffalo, elk, or deer hides. Hunters gatherers Used the horse to hunt buffalo and other large animals. Wore animal skin clothing, and clothes made from bark and grasses.
Goshute Great Basin desert in Western Utah. Very dry. Wikiup Hunters gatherers Used 100 different plants for food and medicine. Ate crickets. Men wore breechcloths and women wore aprons/grass skirts in the summer.
Paiute Dry regions of Southwest Utah. Wikiups made from branches, twigs, grasses, and brush. Hunters gatherers The Paiutes also farmed along rivers and streams. All of the tribes used grasses and reeds to weave baskets, hats, clothing and shoes.
Navajo Dry regions of Southeast Utah. Hogan are made from logs with a mud/adobe cover. They had 5 sides and represent the earth. Raised sheep and goats, and also hunted and gathered Created beautiful rugs from wool, they also make beautiful silver jewelry
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Where55-57 Shelter 57-58 Food 56-57 Culture 59-61 Beliefs 62-63
Ute Fertile valleys mountains in Eastern Utah. Teepee Hunters gatherers Used the horse to hunt buffalo and other large animals. Created tools, clothes, and other items from the natural environment. The Utes, like most of the tribes in Utah, held dances as religious ceremonies like the Bear Dance.
Shoshone Fertile valleys mountains in Northern Utah. Teepee made from buffalo, elk, or deer hides. Hunters gatherers Used the horse to hunt buffalo and other large animals. Wore animal skin clothing, and clothes made from bark and grasses. Most tribes believed in a god or many gods, and many spirits in nature.
Goshute Great Basin desert in Western Utah. Very dry. Wikiup Hunters gatherers Used 100 different plants for food and medicine. Ate crickets. Men wore breechcloths and women wore aprons/grass skirts in the summer. In the winter the Goshute and Paiute tell stories of their culture history and mythology to their children.
Paiute Dry regions of Southwest Utah. Wikiups made from branches, twigs, grasses, and brush. Hunters gatherers The Paiutes also farmed along rivers and streams. All of the tribes used grasses and reeds to weave baskets, hats, clothing and shoes. The Paiutes also use dances and songs in their religion, like the Circle Dance which represents life.
Navajo Dry regions of Southeast Utah. Hogan are made from logs with a mud/adobe cover. They had 5 sides and represent the earth. Raised sheep and goats, and also hunted and gathered Created beautiful rugs from wool, they also make beautiful silver jewelry Ceremonies are an important part of Navajo religion, they are called ji or ways, they also use sand painting in some ceremonies.
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Native History Sources

• Spanish explorers, Catholic priests, fur
  trappers, and pioneers wrote about the American
  Indians they met in their journals and diaries.
• Do you think these written accounts by explorers
  or pioneers accurately represent how the Indian
  people lived and how they felt about things?
• ?

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Pre-Historic Vs. Historic

• Pre-Historic peoples have no written history
• Historic peoples do have a written history

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Native History

• Native Americans have lived in and around Utah
  for thousands of years.
• Their way of life changed dramatically when other
  groups of people entered Utah.
• These groups included
• Spanish explorers
• Catholic priests
• Fur trappers
• Pioneers

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Native History Continued

• These people wrote about the American Indians
  they met in their journals and diaries.
• Do you think these written accounts by explorers
  or pioneers accurately represent how the Indian
  people lived and how they felt about things?
• ?

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Who Are They?

• Ute
• Shoshone
• Goshute
• Paiute
• Navajo

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Map of the Five Tribes Territory
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Relationships Between Tribes

• Tribal boundaries were important and were
  usually respected. If a person from an enemy
  band or tribe came onto their land, the intruder
  might be taken prisoner or killed. Some tribes
  were more friendly to newcomers than other
  tribes, depending on the time and the situation.
• Utah A Journey of Discovery p. 53.

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The Utes

• The word Utah comes from the Ute word for top
  of the mountains.
• The Utes were the largest tribe in Utah. Their
  tribal area covered most of the central part of
  the state.
• The Utes lived in fertile valleys near the
  mountains and lakes.

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The Utes Survival

• Nuche Utes traveled with the seasons. They
  went to high mountains in the summer, living by
  hunting small and big game animals and birds,
  fishing and gathering a variety of berries, nuts,
  seed, and plants . . . Hunting, fishing, and
  gathering sites were not owned . . . they were
  communal shared and granted to all.
• --Larry Cesspooch, a Ute

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The Utes Hunting

• The Utes used horses for hunting and carrying
  heavy loads.
• When they hunted buffalo, they used every part of
  the animal. Some uses are
• Fur for blankets
• Skin for tepees and clothing
• Meat for food

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The Utes Home Life

• Utes lived in tepees of buffalo skin and tall
  poles.
• Tepees could be taken down and carried easily.
• A fire was built in the center for cooking and
  warmth. Smoke escaped through an opening in the
  top of the tepee.
• Bands of as many as 200 people lived in large
  tepee villages near streams, rivers, or lakes.

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The Utes Families

• Finding and preparing food was the most important
  task of all members of a Ute family.
• When young women reached adulthood, they would
  participate in a Bear Dance where they could find
  their future husbands.

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The Utes Children

• In addition to a formal name, a Ute child was
  given many nicknames during their life.
• Children were highly valued and everyone shared
  the responsibility of raising them.
• If twins were born, it was considered bad luck.
  Often, one or both twins were allowed to die.

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The Utes Clothing

• Clothing was often made of animal skins.
  Sometimes the fur was still attached.
• Other clothing was made from woven grasses and
  bark.
• To protect their feet, the Utes wore shoes from
  animal hides or sandals of woven reeds.

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The Utes Religion

• The Utes believed that the earth was created by a
  spirit who lived in the sky.
• They also believed that every living in the world
  had a spirit.
• The Ghost Dance represented the return of all who
  had died as a result of contact with non-Indians.
• Pictured here is a typical Ghost Dance dress.

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The Shoshone

• The Shoshone lived in the mountains and valleys
  of northern Utah.
• The name Shoshone means valley dwellers.
• Today, many Shoshone live on the Fort Hall
  Reservation in southeastern Idaho, which they
  share with the Bannock tribe.
• Perhaps the most famous Shoshone was Sacagawea,
  the woman who led Lewis and Clark through the
  west.

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The Shoshone Survival

• In the mountains and valleys where the Shoshone
  lived, food was all around them. However, they
  had to follow the animals, so they were called
  nomads.
• Like the Ute clans, the Shoshone hunted animals
  such as buffalo, deer, and antelope and gathered
  nuts and berries for food.
• They also raised horses for hunting and moving
  around.

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The Shoshone Home Life

• The Shoshone also constructed tepees from animal
  hide and poles.
• This picture shows a tepee that has been painted,
  perhaps with a clan or family symbol.
• Some other Shoshone bands dug shelters out of
  hillsides or wicki-ups.

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The Shoshone Families

• Men and women had equally important roles. The
  men hunted and served as chiefs, or leaders, of
  the bands. Women raised children and gathered
  plants.
• Like many other Native American tribes, the
  Shoshone did not spank or punish their children.

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The Shoshone Children

• Children did not have formal schooling. They
  learned by working alongside adults and by
  listening to songs and stories.
• Many children would make balls of hide and rabbit
  hair or dolls to play with.

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The Shoshone Clothing

• The Shoshones clothing was almost identical to
  the Utes. Animal skins and woven grasses made
  most of their clothing.
• In the winter, women would often wear a special
  robe made of about forty woven rabbit skins.

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The Shoshone Clothing Continued

• Beadwork was also an important part of Shoshone
  clothing and ceremonial items.
• Pictured here are beaded moccasins and a
  ceremonial peace pipe with beaded bag.

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The Shoshone Religion

• The Shoshone believed in one being called Duma
  Appáh, Our Father, or the Creator.
• Each morning the Shoshone faced the sun in the
  east and sang a prayer to Appáh.
• Appáh was said to have created Earth with the
  help of the animal creatures, especially Coyote.

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The Goshutes

• The Goshutes lived in the central Great Basin
  area of Utah.

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The Goshutes Survival

• The Goshutes lived in a very dry land with little
  rain. They were able to find uses for more than
  100 desert plants.
• The Goshutes were hunter/gatherers. They also
  ate roasted crickets.
• The Goshute often dug for roots. For this
  reason, white men often called them root
  diggers.

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The Goshutes Home Life

• The Goshutes lived in wiki-ups, small brush
  covered shelters, during the warmer months.
• However, in the winter, they would often move to
  caves or more sturdy shelter.

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The Goshutes Families

• The Goshutes hunted together in family groups and
  would often cooperate with other family groups
  that usually made up a village.
• Men usually did the hunting, while women gathered
  plants and seeds.

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The Goshutes Children

• Goshute children helped their mothers gather
  plants, seeds, and insects.
• During some seasons of the year, bands of the
  Goshute would work together to gather rabbits, or
  even grasshoppers, in drives.

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The Goshutes Clothing

• In the winter months, rabbit skin blankets were
  used for warmth.
• Because the Goshute lived in the desert, they did
  not need much clothing during the summer months.
• Men wore breechcloths
• Women wore aprons or grass skirts
• Twig sunshades often worn on heads

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The Goshutes Religion

• Like other Indian tribes in Utah, the Goshute
  held a great respect for the earth, the spirits,
  and their fellow living beings.

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The Paiutes

• The Paiutes lived in the southwest corner of Utah.

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The Paiutes Survival

• Like the Goshutes, the Paiutes lived in a very
  dry region with little rain.
• Like all modern Utah Indian tribes, the Paiute
  were also hunter/gatherers.
• Some Paiutes irrigated some crops including corn,
  beans, squash, and wheat.

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The Paiutes Home Life

• The Paiutes also lived in brush wiki-ups in the
  summer and caves during the winter.
• They lived in large family groups found in small
  villages.
• Like many tribes, the Paiutes used cradleboard to
  keep young children safe while the mother worked.

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The Paiutes Families

• Small family groups would travel separately
  collecting seeds, berries, roots, and hunting
  small animals, deer, mountain sheep, elk, and
  fish.
• These groups met and intermarried with other
  Paiutes, as well as other Indian tribes.

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The Paiutes Children

• Children helped their parents gather food goods
  to be stored for the winter.
• Children learned from their parents and
  grandparents about animals, plants, and
  storytelling.

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The Paiutes Clothing

• Similar to the Goshute people, the Paiutes had
  very little use for clothing in warm weather.
  Often during the summer, Paiute children would
  wear no clothes at all.
• During the colder winter months, everyone wore
  shirts and used blankets made of rabbit skin.

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The Paiutes Religion

• A Paiute man named Wovoka introduced the Ghost
  Dance, a religious movement that spread
  throughout the nation.
• The Ghost dance represented the return of all
  Indians who had died as a result of contact with
  non-Indians.
• Another Paiute dance is the Circle Dance.

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Ghost Dance Continued
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The Navajo

• The Navajo called themselves the Dinè, or the
  people.
• The Navajo lived in the southeastern corner of
  Utah, below the San Juan River.
• Many Navajo today live on a reservation in that
  same area.

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The Navajo Survival

• The Navajo used horses for hunting and carrying
  heavy loads.
• They also raised sheep and goats.
• Some clans closer to the San Juan River practiced
  irrigation and farming.

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The Navajo Home Life

• The Navajo lived in hogans. They considered
  their homes to be a symbol of spiritual
  connection to Mother Earth.
• Hogan doors always face east to meet the morning
  sun.
• Hogans were placed far apart there were no
  villages.

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The Navajo Families

• The most important person in a Navajo family is
  the mother.
• Women own the house, the sheep, the goats, and
  any wages earned from weaving.
• Men own the horses, the wages earned from their
  jobs, and any items or money they brought into
  the marriage.
• Navajo men and their mothers-in-law are not
  allowed to talk to-or even look at-each other.
  This custom probably reduces the number of family
  arguments!

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The Navajo Children

• Children play an important role in a Navajo
  family. Even when they are very young, Navajo
  children care for some of the familys sheep or
  help with grown-up chores.
• Each Navajo child is given a secret war name by
  the parents, used only for special religious
  ceremonies.

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The Navajo Clothing

• The Navajos sheered wool from their sheep and
  made it into yarn.
• The yarn was then dyed from plants to make
  colors.
• The dyed yarn was woven into rugs, blankets, and
  cloth.

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The Navajo Religion

• Navajo religion is sometimes called The Way.
• It is a code of behavior for everyday life, not
  just weekly worship.
• Ceremonies are called ways.
• One of the most important ceremonies is called
  the Nightway.
• Nightways are nine day healing ceremonies. Sand
  paintings are made as part of the Nightway.

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Navajo Sand Paintings
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Native Languages

• American Indian groups spoke many different
  languages.
• When trappers and explorers met them, none of the
  tribes had written alphabets. Many Indian
  languages have become extinct because they were
  not written down or passed on.

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Native Language Continued

• Each tribe had legends and myths that were passed
  down through an oral tradition of storytelling.
• Many myths were about animals
• Others were called creation myths

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End of an Era

• The coming of white men forever changed the life
  of American Indians in Utah.
• The new people brought new tools and ideas, as
  well as new diseases.
• The Indians and settlers worked to get along,
  although they did not always succeed.
• Today, American Indians, like this Ute Medicine
  Man, strive to keep the traditions of their past
  alive.
• Alexis explains what it means to her to be a
  Paiute.

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Bell Activity Chapter 3 packet

• Put together your materials from chapter three in
  this order.
• Study guide
• Video notes Stone Age Explorers (Paleo-Indians)
• Archaeology notes
• Prehistoric Indians comparison organizer
• Prehistoric Indians map instructions
• 17-19 answers from We Shall Remain The Utes

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Goals for today

• Content Objective - We will prepare for our
  test by reviewing andpreparing our study
  guides.
• Behavior Collaboration Work with your table
  partners to fill out your study guide and review
  for the test.
• If your group finishes early, work on your maps,
  etc.

• Language Objective We will discuss the
  questions on our study guides.

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Bell Activity
This is a no gum class. Please dispose of it
properly!

• Take out your study guide and answer questions
  22-39 on it using your notes, activities, and
  pages 55-63 in your book.