A Summary of Terminology in Linguistics

1
A Summary of Terminology in Linguistics
2
First Session

• Orientation to the Course
• Introduction to Language Linguistics
• 1. Definition of Language
• 2. The origins of language
• 3. Universal properties of language
• 4. The diversity of linguistics

3
CEN 6102 Session II

• The sounds of language
• Phonetics
• Key terms
• Articulator phonetics
• Places of articulation
• Manners of articulation
• Suprasegmentals
• Acoustic phonetics

4
CEN 6102 Session II/1

• A view of the vocal tract
• A magnetic resonance image of a mid-sagittal
  section (side view slice of the vocal tract

5
CEN 6102 Session III

• Key terms.
• Phonology
• Phonemes
• Phones and allophones
• Minimal pairs and set
• Phonotactics
• Syllable and clusters
• Co-articulation effects

6
CEN 6102 Session IV

• Words and Their Parts
• Key terms
• Morphology
• Morpheme and allomorph
• Word formation processes
• Multiple processes in word formation
• Reduplication
• Derivation and inflection
• Zero derivation

7
CEN 6102 Session V

• Word formation process
• Key terms
• Coinage -Acronym
• Borrowing -Derivation
• Compounding -Affixes
• Blending -Prefixes Suffixes
• Clipping -Infixes
• Backformation -Conversion

8
CEN 6102 Session VI

• The Structure of Sentences
• Part 1 Phrases and Sentences Grammar
• Key terms
• Mental grammar
• Linguistic etiquette
• Descriptive grammar

9
CEN 6102 Syntax (Coninued)

• Symbols used in syntactic description 
• S Sentence N noun Pro pronoun
• PN proper noun V verb Adj adjective
• Art article Adv adverb Prep preposition
• NP noun phrase VP verb phrase PP prepositional
  phrase 
• ungrammatical sequence
• ? consists of
• ( ) optional constituent
• one and only of these constituents must
  be selected
•  
•  

10
CEN 6102 Session VII

• Meaning -Key terms
  -Semantic roles
• -Semantics -Agent
  -Source
• -What is Semantics? -Theme -Goal
• Conceptual meaning -Instrument
• Associative meaning -Experience
• Semantic features -Location
• Lexicon relations -Types of lexicon
  relations

11
CEN 6102 Session VII/1

• Lexical Ambiguities
• Structural Ambiguities
• Lexico-categorial Ambiguities

12
CEN 6102 Session VII/2

• Semantic Roles and Syntactic Structures
• Semantic roles (sometimes, particularly in
  Generative Grammar, also called Thematic roles or
  Theta roles) are the roles played by participants
  in some situation. For example, in Mary broke the
  egg, Mary initiates and carries out the action of
  breaking and the egg is the object affected by
  Marys breaking action. We could say that Mary
  and the egg have the semantic roles of Breaker
  and Breakee, respectively. However, this is only
  a specific application to the verb break. There
  are more general descriptions of Semantic Roles
  in different situations

13
CEN 6102 Session VII/3
ExercisesExamplesAllen sent the book to
Mary.Send ltAGENT, THEME, GOALgtHEADLINEs from
Bangkok Post, August 16, 20101. UN stresses need
for aid for Pakistan.2. PM defends delay to bus
lease project.3. Asia pauses to recall end of
World War II.4. Off-road truck kills 8.5.
Downpours prompt flash flood warning in 16
provinces.
14
CEN 6102 Session VII/4

• Leading Questions
• 1. What are the differences between conceptual
  meaning and associative meaning?
• 2. Are there any associations between Semantic
  roles and syntactic strctures?
• 3. Why words have many meanings?

15
CEN 6102 Session VIII

• What is Pragmatics?
• Invisible Meaning
• Context
• Deixis
• Reference
• Anaphora
• Presupposition
• Speech Acts -Politeness

16
CEN 6102 Session IX

• What is Discourse?
• Discourse analysis
• How to interpret discourse?
• Cohesion -Coherence
• Speech events
• Conversational interaction
• The co-operative principles
• Background knowledge

17
CEN 6102 Session X

• Language, Culture and Society
• Key terms
• Sociolinguistics
• Social dialects
• Language and culture
• Language universals

18
CEN 6102 Session X/1

• Language, Culture and Society (continued)
• Gender
• In contemporary English, there are many reported
  differences in the talk of males and females. In
  some gender pairs having conversations, women
  generally discuss their personal feelings more
  than males. Men appear to prefer non-personal
  topics such as sport and news