Skin Diseases/Disorders

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Skin Diseases/Disorders
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Acne

• Comedo inflamed plug
• Pimples blackheads
• Teens to early twenties
• Treatment thorough washing

• Steroid creams, UV light, Isoretinoin, avoidance
  of certain foods, chemical face peel,
  dermabrasion (to treat scarring)

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Seborrheic Dermatitis

• Dandruff oily scalp, itching, irritation, greasy
  scales
• Treatment frequent shampooing (tincture of green
  soap), brushing hair, massaging scalp

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Eczema

• Vesicles on reddened skin which burst and weep ?
  crusts
• Treatment tranqulizers (stress aggravates the
  condition), antihistamines, steroids, wet
  dressings, starch baths

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Urticaria

• Hives ? allergy or emotional stress
• Treatment steroids, antihistamines

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Contact Dermatitis

• Redness, itching, blisters, edema
• Causes poison ivy, poison oak, poison sumac,
  cleansing agents, cosmetics, metals
• Treatment clean with soap water then apply
  alcohol, antipruritic lotions, cold wet
  dressings, desensitization

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Psoriasis

• Patchy erythema and scales
• Chronic inflammatory disease, genetic
• Treatment ointments, UV light, low fat diets,
  steroids, antihistamines, tranquilizers

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Impetigo

• Very contagious
• Erythema, vesicles with sticky yellow crusts
• Infection with staphylococcus or streptococcus
• Treament remove crusts then apply antibiotic
  ointment

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Warts

• Painless except for plantar warts
• Caused by a virusnot frogs
• Treatment nitric or sulfuric acid applications
  deep into root of wart or freezing with liquid
  nitrogen

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Herpes simplex I/Cold Sores

• Caused by virus
• Blisters, inflamed skin around mouth
• Incurable
• Treatment tincture of benzoin, acyclovir

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Herpes zoster/Shingles

• Viral infection with fever and malaise
• Erythema and vesicles along the course of a nerve
• Possibly remnant of childhood chickenpox
• Treatment analgesics, calamine lotion, acyclovir
  (orally)

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Tinea (Dermatophytosis)

• Fungal infections I.e. athletes foot, ringworm,
  jock itch
• Infectious, contagious
• Treatment antifungal agents, dry feet, change
  socks and shoes frequently

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Furuncles (Boils)/Carbuncles

• Staphylococcus or streptococcus infection
• Carbuncles large, swollen erythematous lesions
• Treatment hot, moist compresses, incise and
  drain lesion, antibiotics

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Decubitus ulcer

• Bedsores due to decreased circulation to a
  specific area of the body

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Paronychia

• Infected hangnail
• Treatment soak frequently in warm water, remove
  nail surgically

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Sebaceous Cysts

• Blockage of duct of sebaceous gland
• Treatment lance and drain

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Diaper Rash

• Treatment antibacterial cream, mineral oil
  cleansing, exposure to air to dry the rash

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Corns and Callouses

• Corns hard, raised, painful areas
• Callouses flat, thickened patches
• Caused by friction of poorly fitting shoes
• Treatment relieve friction, use keratolytic
  agents I.e. salicylic acid

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Infestations and Bites

• Pediculosis (lice) scalp hair, body hair, pubic
  hair
• Treatment ointments, powders, lotions with
  benzylbenzoate or benzine hexachloride
• Scabies (mites)
• Treatment thorough bathing then benzylbenzoate
  or benzine hexachloride

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Lupus erythematosus

• Usually fatal
• Erythematous macular lesions in butterfly pattern
  on face
• Dysfunction of kidneys, joints, lungs, and heart
• Treatment aspirin, steroids

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Scleroderma

• Systemic autoimmune disease of skin, muscles,
  bones, heart, lungs
• Skin ? smooth, hard, tight
• Progressive
• Treatment ointments, massage, heat, steroids

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Pilonidal Cyst

• Sac containing a hair that becomes infected and
  develops a draining sinus
• Treatment warm water compresses, sitz baths,
  deep wide V-shaped incision packed with gauze

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Carcinoma

• Cancerous Tumor

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Basal Cell Carcinoma

• Most common
• Least malignant
• Slow growing
• Papules that erode in the center
• Pearly edge
• 99 cure rate with early excision

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Squamous Cell Carcinoma

• In keratinocytes of stratum spinosum
• Scaly red papule (rounded elevation)
• Rapid growth
• Meets lymph
• Good cure rate if caught early followed by
  radiation treatment

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Malignant Melanoma

• Cancer of melanocytes
• Most dangerous, death 14 cases
• Accounts for 5 of skin cancers
• Nevus mole becomes dark, spreads unevenly, bleeds
  some
• Metastatic
• Cause overexposure to UV radiation (sun or
  tanning bed)

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• Little chance of survival (better if caught
  early)
• Treatment surgical excision with chemotherapy

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American Cancer Society ABCD Rule for Skin Cancer

• A Asymmetry
• B Border Irregularity
• C Colors Different
• D Diameter (larger than 6 mm pencil eraser)

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Kaposis Sarcoma

• Purple papules spread to lymph nodes and other
  organs
• Opportunistic disease of AIDS

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Diagnostic Procedures for Skin
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• Direct Examination
• Good lighting required
• Distribution of lesions (local or general)
• When lesions are most bothersome
• Changes in patients way of living
• Woods light (for ringworm)
• Microscopic exam for scales or fungi

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Sensitivity Tests

• Patch test
• Percutaneous test (scratch test)
• Intradermal test

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Biopsy

• Dermal punch
• Examined by histologist or pathologist