Physiological Responses to Exercise

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Physiological Responses to Exercise

• Cardio-respiratory System
• Physiological Responses

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Physiological Responses

• When the body performs physical activity some
  changes take place. Most of these changes occur
  as a result of the muscular and
  cardio-respiratory systems having to work harder
  so they body can perform exercise.

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Cardio-respiratory System

• This is made up of 4 components
• Blood
• Blood vessels
• Heart
• Lungs

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Blood

• Blood provides your body with a transport system
  for bringing in oxygen nutrients and taking out
  wastes such as lactic acid and carbon dioxide
  (very important when exercising).

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Blood Vessels

• Blood vessels are the pipes in which blood
  travels around the body. 3 types
• Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
• Veins carry blood to the heart.
• Capillaries provide a direct feed into muscles
  and other tissue.

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Heart and Lungs

• Heart is the pump unit that sends the blood
  around the body.
• Lungs provide the mechanism for bringing oxygen
  into the body and getting rid of carbon dioxide.
• So, our heart is pumping blood around our body
  and this blood has oxygen in it provided by our
  lungs. Now if we start to exercise what do you
  think is going to happen to this system? Eg
  heart etc.

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Physiological Responses to Exercise

• As soon as you begin to exercise, your muscles
  increase their demand for oxygen and there
  becomes an increased need to remove wastes such
  as carbon dioxide and lactic acid.
• In response our body immediately does the
  following

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Sweats

• Sweats to control the rising temperature of our
  body.
• One of the by-products of muscle contraction is
  heat.
• Blood travels to the skin and is cooled through
  radiation or evaporation into the environment.
• Beads of moisture are created and cool the
  surface of the skin.

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Heart Rate Increases

• Heart Rate Increases During exercise the heart
  has to work faster by beating more times in a
  minute and harder by pumping more blood out with
  each beat.
• This increases the amount of oxygenated blood
  being transported to the muscles and vital
  organs.
• The oxygen is used by the muscles to help assist
  in the breakdown and production of energy.
• The blood then returns quickly to the heart and
  lungs to be re-oxygenated.
• The blood transports and removes toxins and
  wastes from the muscles such as lactic acid, from
  the body.
• Blood pressure as the heart rate increases the
  blood pressure must also increase.

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Breathing Rate Increases

• Breathing Rate Increases the volume of air
  taken in each breath increases, (as well as the
  number of breaths taken per minute) to get more
  oxygen into the lungs so it can be taken by the
  blood to the working muscles.
• During exercise the body will be performing
  aerobically most of the time and therefore the
  muscles require oxygen to perform successfully.
• The oxygen is used to help produce energy.
• Waste gases such as carbon dioxide are also
  removed from the body.

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Muscle Fatigue

• During exercise energy reserves become depleted.
• With high intensity exercise, the absence of
  oxygen in the muscle builds up with waste
  products such as lactic acid.
• Lactic acid is a result of an incomplete
  breakdown of glucose in the working muscles.
• This lactic acid causes muscle soreness and
  fatigue.
• As a result you are no longer able to work at a
  high intensity and must drop to the aerobic
  system and use oxygen which helps to remove
  lactic acid build up in the muscles.

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Distribution of Blood Changes

• Distribution of blood changes with exercise
  more blood is directed to the working muscles and
  away from other areas.

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Basketball

• Which are the major physiological responses to
  exercise that occur in a game of basketball?

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Question

• Explain in detail why the heart rate increases
  during a game of basketball.

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Question

• Explain in detail why the breathing rate
  increases in a game of basketball.