Ecology and Ecosystems Chapters 2, 37, 38

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Ecology and EcosystemsChapters 2, 37, 38
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Ecology- the study of the interactions between
organisms and the environment.

• Interactions (or factors) determine the abundance
  and distribution of organisms.

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Ecology Typically Deals with 3 Levels

• Individual- a single organism.
• Population- all individuals of the same species
  that occupy a given area.
• Community- all the species in an ecosystem that
  can interact.

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Commensalism
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Figure 37.18
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Parasitism
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Mutualism
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Figure 37.14
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Rocky Shore Food Web
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Population Growth
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Population Explosions
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Succession

• Succession- the predictable process of recovery
  after disturbance.
• Primary succession- the initial colonization of
  barren soil or bedrock by pioneer species
  (lichens, mosses, ferns, herbaceous plants).
• Secondary succession- the changes in the plants
  and animals that live in a community after the
  initial colonization.

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Ecosystem- a community and its physical
environment.

• Terrestrial
• Marine
• Freshwater

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Terrestrial Ecosystems

• Biome- a terrestrial ecosystem that occurs over a
  broad area.

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Tropical Rainforest Biome
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Marine Ecosystem
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Freshwater Ecosystem