Section 2: Africa in an Age of Transition

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Section 2 Africa in an Age of Transition
6. The Slave Trade A. 15th century In
Southwest Asia and Europe, African slaves had
worked as domestic servants. B. 16th century
African slaves were shipped to the Americas to
work on plantations Indians had died of
diseases.
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SLAVE SHIPS
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C. Growth of Slave Trade - 1518 First
boatloads of Africans were
sent directly to Americas. - triangular
trade Connected Europe, Africa, and the
Americasbetween 16th 19th century 10 million
African slaves were brought to the AmericasSo
many African slaves were brought to the Americas
because of their high death rate on ships known
as Middle Passage - and disease after arrival
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HENRIETTA MARIE
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• D. Sources of Slaves
• - European first bought African slaves from
  local African merchants local African rulers
  who traded slaves
• viewed the trade as a source of income
  raided villages

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TRIBAL WARFARE
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AFRICAN SLAVE TRADE
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• E. Effects of Slave Trade
• - tragic effects for individuals and their
  family
• - led to depopulation
• - deprived many communities of their young,
  strong men and women
• - deterioration of art and culture
• - led to increased warfare in Africa

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ASHANTI THE GOLDEN STOOL
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• 7. Political and Social Structures
• A. Traditional Political Systems
• - By 16th century, a monarchy had become
  the common form of government throughout much of
  Africa.
• - Other African kingdoms consisted of
  small independent states linked together by
  kinship ties and subordinated to a king
• - Some lived in small political units
  authority rested in a village leader

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B. Foreign Influences

• - European introduced new food products
  sweet potatoes, corn, and peanuts.
• - Influenced African religious beliefs
  Muslim beliefs become dominant

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• Section 3
• Southeast Asia
• in the Era of the Spice Trade

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• 8. Emerging Mainland States
• - 1500, Southeast Asia was relatively stable.
  Kingdoms developed their own ethic, linguistic,
  and cultural characteristics.
• - There were conflicts among some states and
  Muslim merchants had a big impact especially in
  Thailand where Melaka became the leading power in
  the region.

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MUSLIM GOLD MERCHANTS
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• 9. The Arrival of Europeans
• A. In 1511, Portuguese seized Melaka and soon
  occupied the spice islands.
• ?Because of Portugal lack of military power,
  they set up small settlements or trading post en
  route to the Spice Islands (Moluccas).
• ?A Shift in Power
• 1600s, the Dutch pushed the Portuguese and
  English out of the spice trade.
• ?The Dutch consolidated their political and
  military control over the entire area brought
  the island of Java under their control
• established fort there
• dominated clove trade.
• ?Impact on the Mainland
• The mainland states were better able to resist
  the
• Europeans than the Malay Peninsula and the
  Indonesian as a distinct political entity had
  strong monarchs that resisted foreign intrusion.

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SPICE ISLANDS (Moluccas).
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• 10. Religious and Political Systems
• A. Between 1500 1800 religious beliefs
  changed in Southeast Asia.
• non-mainland states were being converted to Islam
  and Christianity.
• Mainland states ?Buddhism was the dominant
  religion traditional beliefs that survived and
  influenced the new religions

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RELIGIONS

• CHRISTIANITY

BUDDHISM
ISLAMIC
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• B. Four political systems evolved in Southeast
  Asia Buddhist, Javanese, Islamic, and Vietnamese
  
• 1. Buddhist chief form of government in Burma,
• Thailand, Laos, and Cambodia king was
  considered superior king served as the link
  between human society and the universe.
• 2. Javanese rooted in Indian political
  traditions like Buddhist kings, Javanese rulers
  were believed to have a sacred quality.
• 3. Islamic sultans were viewed as mortal but
  possessed special qualities. They were defenders
  of the faith and staffed the bureaucracy with
  aristocrats.
• 4. Vietnamese emperor ruled by Confusion
  principles. He was seen as a mortal appointed by
  Heaven to rule because of his
• talent and virtue also seen as an
• intermediary between Heaven and Earth.