???? BIODIESEL ????????? THE CLEANER ALTERNATIVE ? ? ? ? ???????

1
????BIODIESEL????????? THE CLEANER
ALTERNATIVE? ? ? ????????
2
???????????

• ????????? ??????????????,?????????,???(???)??????
  ????,???????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????,?????"??"?
• ?????????????,??????????"????"??????2000??,???????
  ??60??,?????????????????????????????????,?????????
  ??????

3
???????????

• ?????
• (1) ??????????
• ???????????????,????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????,?????????????????????????????,?????
  
• (2) ????
• ????????? ?????????????????????????????,??????
  ,?????????????

4
????????

• 100????????10?????? (??) ????
• ??? (??????) ??,????10??????
• ?100???????

5

• ??(?)??????? ????????????????????? (?????)
  ????? (???)?????,??????????????????????
• ????? - ????????????????????,??????????????,?????
  ??????????,??????????

6

• ???? ??????????,??????????????????????????,????
  ?????,??????????????????????????
• ???? -??????????,?????????????,???????????????????
  ???

7

• ?????? - ??????????????????,?????????????????
• ??? (????) ????? - ???????????????????,?????????
  ??,?????????????,??????????????????,??????????
  

8
BIOFUELS(????) or BIODIESEL (????)

• ????????????????????????????????????????????,??
  ???????,??????????????????,?????,?????????????????
  
• ????????????????????????????????,???????????,???
  ????????????????????????,?
• ???????????????????????????????????20/80(????/??
  ??)?????(?????)???????????????,??????/????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????????????,????
  ??????????????????,???????????????,???????????,???
  ????????,????????????,??????????

9
?????????Basic Qualities of Biodiesel
10
??????????????
???? ???? ???? Fuel Standard
ASTM D975 ASTM PS121 Fuel
Composition C10-C21 HC
C6-C18 FAME Lower Heating Value,
Btu/gal. 131,295
117,093 Kin. Viscosity, _at_ 40oC
1.3-4.1 1.9-6.0 Water, ppm by wt.
161 0.05 max. Carbon, wt 87
77 Hydrogen, wt 13
12 Oxygen, wt 0 11 Sulfur,
wt 0.5 max.
0.0-0.0024 Boiling Point, oC
188-343 182-338 Flash Point,
oC 60-80 100-170 Pour
Point, oC -35 to 15
-15 to 10 Cetane Number
40-55 48-70 BOCLE Scuff, grams
3,600 7,000 HFRR, microns
685 314 National Renewable
Energy Laboratory, Sept. 2001
11
???????

• ??????????
• ?????????
• ??????????
• - ????????
• - ? Cetane ??
• - ????????
• 4. ???/????
• 5. ??????
• 6. ????

12
?????????

• ??????????????????,????????????,??????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????????,????????
  ?????????????????? (????)
• Rape Ethyl Ester (REE)
• ??????
• Rape Methyl Ester (RME)
• ??????
• Soybean Ethyl Ester (SEE )
• ??????
• Soybean Methyl Ester (SME)
• ??????

13
???????????????

• ????????????????????????,?????????????????????
• ?????????????,????????????????(???)?????.
• ??????????,??????????????????????????,?????????

14
????????????????

1. ???? (CO2) ????????????????,
2. ??Methane (CH4) ?CO2???25?.
3. ?????Hydrocarbons -?CO2???11?
4. ???Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) -?CO2???8?,??????????.
5. ????Nitrous Oxide (N20) -?CO2???270?,?????????????
   ?????
6. ????Sulfur Dioxide ????,?????????,?????????
   

15

16
(No Transcript)
17
(No Transcript)
18
??????????????

• ?????????????????????????????????,???????????78
  ?
• ?????????????,??????????????????????,?????????????
  ?????????????,???????????,?????????????????,??????
  ??????

19
?? SD-22 ???????????
???????? (?????) ???? ?? 1 2
3 4 Pure Diesel 1300 10 9
10 10 ????? 1500 10 10 10
13 2000 10 11 12   B1 1300
10 8 12 8 ??1 1500
7 4 6 6 ???? 2000 5
6 5 4   B5 1300 12 12
12 12 ??5 1500 11 8
10 ???? 2000 9 6 7
7 2500 8 6
7   B20 1300 8 10 10
8 ??20 1500 7 8
6 ???? 2000 5 3 6 2500
6 6 6 Test
done by TUP
20
??????????

• ?????????????????????,????????,?????????
• ???????????(40 vs. 28)
• ????(Energy balance)?????????????3.24????????,?
  ????????????????
• ??????????
• ?????????????,????????????
• ????????

21
?????
??1998?????????????????????????????????????????,?
????????????????????,?????????????2006????????????
???????15 ppm,???????????,????????????????????
????????????????????the Ball on Cylinder
Lubricity Evaluator (BOCLE), ? the High Frequency
Reciprocating Rig (HFRR).
The Fuel Injection Equipment (FIE) ????????????
HFRR (ISO 12156-21998), ????????????????460
micron?Wear Scar Diameter (WSD)???. For the HFRR,
a lower wear scar indicates better lubricity.
???WSD?????????
22
(No Transcript)
23
(No Transcript)
24
(No Transcript)
25
(No Transcript)
26
(No Transcript)
27
???

• ???????????????,???????????
• ???? (?100?B100) ??????150F, ???????????
  80F?????????????????????????????????????????????

28
??????/????

• ???????????????????,??????28????????
  85-88,?????????????? 
• ????????,???????????????????

29
????

• ????????,??????????????? 3-5 ?(????????1.5?)
  ,??????????????????,? B2 ???? (2) ?B5 ????
  (5),????????? 2 ? 7, ????????????,??????,??????
  ??,?????,?????????????? 
• ???????????????????????????????,????????,?????????
  ???????????????????,??????????????????

30
???????????(2003?4?)

• ??????? 20,011,311 ?/?
• x 147.82 ??/?
• 2,958,072,000 ????
• or 246,506,000 ??/?
• 1 B1?????? 2,465,060 ??/?????
• ?????? ???? 30,000 ??,
• 
  ???? 900,000 ??
• ???????B1(1 )???????? 36

31
????????

• Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)
• Hydrogen ?????-?
• Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)
• Propane ???????
• Methanol/Ethanol ??/??
• Fuel Cell ????
• Electric
• ??

32
CNG????? vs. Biodiesel????

• CNG??????????,????
• ??????????????????,?????,??????
• ???????????,?????????
• Emissions CNG
  Biodiesel
• CO2 -20 vs. gas -78 vs.
  diesel
• CO -70
  -50
• Sulfates -100
  -100
• PM practically nil
  -40
• Vhcle Conv.Cost US4,000 light nil
• US30T
  heavy nil
• Fuel Cost (100) -25/gge 2-3x/ltr
  diesel

33
CNG????? vs. Biodiesel????

• CNG
  Biodiesel
• Octane/Cetane 30 vs. gas 30
  vs.diesel
• Flashpoint 1,200oF 150oF
• CNG??
• 1. ?????????????????????,????????
• 2. ???????/??,??????????
• 3. ?????????????
• 4. ????????

34
??????????

• 1970??????????????? ???????????
• 1974 ???????CO,THC?NOX?????????????????
• 1979 ??THC?CO?????
• 1983 ???(EPA)??????????,????????
• 1985 ???????????????????,?????0.05??,?2?????80?
  
• 1988 ????NOX???????EPA??????????????0.6g/b.hp.hr?
  ???????????????????,????? ???????10??,???0.05??
  ,?????????????10??
• 1989 EPA?????????????NOX(???)?PM(?????)??????
• 1990 (Nov.) 1990????????????,??EPA??,????????560??
  ?????,???50?????,??75??????????????
• 1991(Sept.) ?????(EPA)????,?1987???????????90,???
  ????????????????80?????
• 1992 (Oct.)1992?(EPACT, Energy Policy Act,
  ????????)??????????????????????????????????,??????
  ???????,?????????????
• 1993 ???????????????????????    ???(PM)
                    0.1     g/b.hp.hr    ????(CO)
              15.5     g/b.hp.hr   
  ??????(THC)     1.3     g/b.hp.hr    ???(NOX)
                  5.0     g/b.hp.hr
• 1993 (Feb.) EPA??????????/??????,?????
• 1993 (Oct.) ?????????(200???)????"?????"(clean
  diesel),??????0.05????,??????40?

35
??????????

• 1994 ???????????????0.07 g/b.hp.hr?
  ????EPA?????????,??????????????????????,??????????
  ?????????????????????????????? EPA??????????,?????
  ?????????????????????????
• 1995 (Jan.) 1993???????????,????????????????0.10
  g/b.hp.hr???????????25?
• 1995 (July) ?????(U.S. DOE)????????????????????
• 1995 (Oct.) ????????????????????????????????????
• 1995 ??????????,????1994??????????0.07
  g/b.hp.hr????????????????????,??????????????????EP
  A?????????????
• 1996 ??????????????0.05 g/b.hp.hr?
  ??EPA???????????????,??2004?????2.0
  g/b.hp.hr????????,???????????? ??EPA??"????"?????,
  ???????,???????????????????"????"???
• 1996 (Jan.) ??50HP????????,???????(off-road)??????
  ??(???????)?
• 1997 EPA????"????"????????
• 1998 ???????????????,?1998????,????(NOx)????????4.
  0 g/b.hp.hr.? ?EPA????"????"??????????
  EPA???????????22??????????????????????????????????
  ??? ?????????????????????????????????????????
• ? ?
• ????????????,?????,???????????????????????????
  ,?????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ,??????,????????,???????????

36
senbel July 2002
37
??????????

• ?????????????????????
  ???????????????????,??????????????????????????????
  ????????,????????????????????????.
• 2. ??????????????????,???????,???,??????????
  ???????????????????????????????????,????????
  ??????????????????????,???????????,???????????????
  ???????????????????,???????????????????

38
??????????

• ???????????????????
• ???????????,???????????,??????????????
  ????????????????????????????????
• 4. ????????????.
• ???????2?1??????????,??????????????????????
  ??????????????????????
• ????
• ???????
• ??2545-9330,??2658-3041
• Info_at_cnskylines.com

39
Thank you???