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Title: geek

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geek poke
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A Dynamic Component Architecture for High
Performance Gameplay
Terrance Cohen Lead Systems Engineer Insomniac
Games
6
A Dynamic Component Architecturefor High
Performance Gameplay

Purpose
The Dynamic Component System
Implementation by Example
Questions (note slide )

7
A Dynamic Component Architecturefor High
Performance Gameplay

Purpose
Statement of Problem
Proposed Solution
The Dynamic Component System
Implementation by Example

8
Purpose Statement of Problem

Monolithic / deep Game Object hierarchy
Memory binds data _at_ compile time
Allocated throughout lifetime

9
Purpose Statement of Problem

Monolithic / deep Game Object hierarchy
Memory binds data _at_ compile time
Performance poor cache coherence
Arrays of non-homogeneous objects
Virtual dispatch
Fragmented instance data

10
Purpose Statement of Problem

Monolithic / deep Game Object hierarchy
Memory binds data _at_ compile time
Performance poor cache coherence
Architecture capability ltgt inheritance
Fixed at compile time
Fully determined by class
Change capabilities -gt change hierarchy

11
Purpose Statement of Problem

Monolithic / deep Game Object hierarchy
Memory binds data _at_ compile time
Performance poor cache coherence
Architecture capability ltgt inheritance
"What we're used to"
But select the best tool for the job.

12
Purpose Statement of Problem

Monolithic / deep Game Object hierarchy
Memory binds data _at_ compile time
Performance poor cache coherence
Architecture capability ltgt inheritance
"What we're used to"
But select the best tool for the job.
There's a better way!

13
A Dynamic Component Architecturefor High
Performance Gameplay

Purpose
Statement of Problem
Proposed Solution
The Dynamic Component System
Implementation by Example

14
Purpose Proposed Solution

Construction of Game Object through composition
of components at runtime

15
Purpose Proposed Solution

Construction of Game Object through composition
of components at runtime
Simple!
Thank you for coming!

16
Purpose Proposed Solution

Construction of Game Object through composition
of components at runtime
Simple!
Thank you for coming!
Oh, you want details !?!

17
Purpose Proposed Solution

Construction of Game Object through composition
of components at runtime
Small chunks
Represent a data transformation

18
A Dynamic Component Architecturefor High
Performance Gameplay

Purpose
The Dynamic Component System
Features
Implementation by Example

19
The Dynamic Component System

Evolution
Resistance 1 - Proof of Concept (1 type)
Resistance 2 - "Early Adopters" (32 types)
Ongoing (295 types as of May 1st 2010)
Majority of new gameplay code
Large portions of old gameplay refactored

20
The Dynamic Component System

Evolution
Resistance 1 - Proof of Concept (1 type)
Resistance 2 - "Early Adopters" (32 types)
Ongoing (295 types as of May 1st 2010)
Majority of new gameplay code
Large portions of old gameplay refactored
So its mature.

21
The Dynamic Component System

Evolution
Resistance 1 - Proof of Concept (1 type)
Resistance 2 - "Early Adopters" (32 types)
Ongoing (295 types as of May 1st 2010)
Majority of new gameplay code
Large portions of old gameplay refactored
So its mature. (No, not that way.)

22
The Dynamic Component System

Side-by-side implementation
Not necessary to refactor existing code
Coexist with components
General solution

23
The Dynamic Component System

Does not address matters of
Reflection
Serialization
Data building
Instance versioning
... those things are handled separately
outside the scope of this discussion

24
A Dynamic Component Architecturefor High
Performance Gameplay

Purpose
The Dynamic Component System
Features
Implementation by Example

25
Dynamic Component System Features

Components
High-performance
Dynamic
System

26
Dynamic Component System Features

Components
Originally Aspects
Base Component class
8 bytes of administrative data
Allocated from pools
One pool per concrete type
"Roster" indexes instances
"Partition" separates allocated/free instances

27
Dynamic Component System Features

Components
High-performance
Small, constant-time operations
Allocate/free
Resolve handle
Get type
Type implements (derived from)
No instance copying

28
Dynamic Component System Features

Components
High-performance
Updates per-type (per-pool)
Cache friendly
Encourage async update
e.g. on SPU
Roster contiguous list of alloc'd instances
Roster up to partition is DMA list

29
Dynamic Component System Features

Components
High-performance
Resolving handle
Small, constant-time operation
Index into Pool
Compare generation
Return Component

30
Dynamic Component System Features

Components
High-performance
Dynamic
Runtime composition of game objects
Dynamically alter behavior without baggage
Component allocated in use
Pool sizes max concurrent allocations

31
Dynamic Component System Features

Components
High-performance
Dynamic
High-frequency alloc() free()
alloc()
test for availability
make handle from index generation
increment Roster Partition
ComponentInit()

32
Dynamic Component System Features

Components
High-performance
Dynamic
High-frequency alloc() free()
alloc()
free()
ComponentDeinit()
swap Roster index with Partition-adjacent index
decrement Partition
increment generation

33
Demo DynamicComponentFree()
  //free the component from host's component
chain
     void DynamicComponentFree(
Type type, HostHandle host_handle, Chain chain,

ComponentHandle component_handle )

34
Demo DynamicComponentFree()
  //free the component from host's component
chain
     void DynamicComponentFree(
Type type, HostHandle host_handle, Chain chain,

ComponentHandle component_handle )

35
Demo DynamicComponentFree()
  //free the component from host's component
chain
     void DynamicComponentFree(
Type type, HostHandle host_handle, Chain chain,

ComponentHandle component_handle )

36
Demo DynamicComponentFree()
  //free the component from host's component
chain
     void DynamicComponentFree(
Type type, HostHandle host_handle, Chain chain,

ComponentHandle component_handle )

37
Demo DynamicComponentFree()
  //free the component from host's component
chain
     void DynamicComponentFree(
Type type, HostHandle host_handle, Chain chain,

ComponentHandle component_handle )

38
Dynamic Component System Features

Components
High-performance
Dynamic
System
Not all-or-nothing!
Examples
Conversation
Script Events
Shots no game object

39
A Dynamic Component Architecturefor High
Performance Gameplay

Purpose
The Dynamic Component System
Implementation by Example
API
Script Events Type Registration
Navigation Allocation Init
Shots Asynchronous Update

40
namespace DynamicComponent



  //

     // Hosts' API

  //

     // Call these from GameObjects
(or other objects) that host Dynamic Components
     //

   _____________________________
__________________________________________________
________________________

     //allocate a component
of type, add it to host's component chain,
  // and optionally
park a prius in the component
     // returns null
if no space is available for allocation
     Component
Allocate ( Type type,
HostHandle host_handle,
Chain
chain, void prius NULL )

41
namespace DynamicComponent



  //

     // Hosts' API

  //

     // Call these from GameObjects
(or other objects) that host Dynamic Components
     //



     Component
Allocate ( Type type,
HostHandle host_handle,
Chain
chain, void prius NULL )
________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
_____

     //resolve a ComponentHandle to a
Component
     // returns NULL if
component_handle is null or is a stale handle
  // (i.e.
component instance has been reused)

  Component ResolveHandle (
Type type, ComponentHandle component_handle )

42
namespace DynamicComponent



  //

     // Hosts' API

  //

     // Call these from GameObjects
(or other objects) that host Dynamic Components
     //



     Component
Allocate ( Type type,
HostHandle host_handle,
Chain
chain, void prius NULL )
  Component ResolveHandle (
Type type, ComponentHandle component_handle )
   _____________________________________________
__________________________________________________
________

     //get one component of type that
belongs to host
     Component Get
( Type type, HostHandle
host_handle, Chain chain )

43
namespace DynamicComponent



  //

     // Hosts' API

  //

     // Call these from GameObjects
(or other objects) that host Dynamic Components
     //



     Component
Allocate ( Type type,
HostHandle host_handle,
Chain
chain, void prius NULL )
  Component ResolveHandle (
Type type, ComponentHandle component_handle )
     Component Get
( Type type, HostHandle host_handle, Chain
chain ) _____________________________________
__________________________________________________
________________

     //get the first Component in
host's chain that implements the type interface
     Component
GetComponentThatImplements( Type type,
HostHandle host_handle, Chain chain
)
44
namespace DynamicComponent



  //

     // Hosts' API

  //

     // Call these from GameObjects
(or other objects) that host Dynamic Components
     //



     Component
Allocate ( Type type,
HostHandle host_handle,
Chain
chain, void prius NULL )
  Component ResolveHandle (
Type type, ComponentHandle component_handle )
     Component Get
( Type type, HostHandle host_handle, Chain
chain )   Component
GetComponentThatImplements( Type type,
HostHandle host_handle, Chain chain )
________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
_____

     //get all Components of type in host's
chain, up to a max of count instances.
  // count should be passed with the
size of the component array.
     // on return, count will
contain the number of matching components, up to
the specified limit.   Component
GetComponents ( Type type, HostHandle
host_handle,
Chain chain, u32
count )

45
namespace DynamicComponent



  //

     // Hosts' API

  //

     // Call these from GameObjects
(or other objects) that host Dynamic Components
     //



     Component
Allocate ( Type type,
HostHandle host_handle,
Chain
chain, void prius NULL )
  Component ResolveHandle (
Type type, ComponentHandle component_handle )
     Component Get
( Type type, HostHandle host_handle, Chain
chain )   Component
GetComponentThatImplements( Type type,
HostHandle host_handle, Chain chain )
  Component GetComponents (
Type type, HostHandle host_handle,

Chain chain, u32 count )
   ___________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________

     //get all Components in host's
chain that implement type's interface.
  // count should be passed
with the size of the component array.
     // on return, count
will contain the number of matching components,
up to the specified limit.   Component
GetComponentsThatImplement( Type type,
HostHandle host_handle,
Chain
chain, u32 count )

46
namespace DynamicComponent



  //

     // Hosts' API

  //

     // Call these from GameObjects
(or other objects) that host Dynamic Components
     //



     Component
Allocate ( Type type,
HostHandle host_handle,
Chain
chain, void prius NULL )
  Component ResolveHandle (
Type type, ComponentHandle component_handle )
     Component Get
( Type type, HostHandle host_handle, Chain
chain )   Component
GetComponentThatImplements( Type type,
HostHandle host_handle, Chain chain )
  Component GetComponents (
Type type, HostHandle host_handle,

Chain chain, u32 count )
     Component GetComponentsThatImplem
ent( Type type, HostHandle host_handle,

Chain chain, u32 count )
   _______________________________________
__________________________________________________
______________

     //free the component from
host's component chain
     void Free
( Type type, HostHandle
host_handle, Chain chain,
ComponentHandle
component_handle )

47
namespace DynamicComponent



  //

     // Hosts' API

  //

     // Call these from GameObjects
(or other objects) that host Dynamic Components
     //



     Component
Allocate ( Type type,
HostHandle host_handle,
Chain
chain, void prius NULL )
  Component ResolveHandle (
Type type, ComponentHandle component_handle )
     Component Get
( Type type, HostHandle host_handle, Chain
chain )   Component
GetComponentThatImplements( Type type,
HostHandle host_handle, Chain chain )
  Component GetComponents (
Type type, HostHandle host_handle,

Chain chain, u32 count )
     Component GetComponentsThatImplem
ent( Type type, HostHandle host_handle,

Chain chain, u32 count )
     void Free
( Type type, HostHandle host_handle,
Chain chain,
ComponentHandle
component_handle )
   _______________________________________________
__________________________________________________
______

     //free all of the components in host's
component chain
     // (GameObjects automatically free
their component chain when they are destroyed)
     void FreeChain
( HostHandle host_handle, Chain
chain )
48
namespace DynamicComponent



  //

     // Hosts' API

  //

     // Call these from GameObjects
(or other objects) that host Dynamic Components
     //



     Component
Allocate ( Type type,
HostHandle host_handle,
Chain
chain, void prius NULL )
  Component ResolveHandle (
Type type, ComponentHandle component_handle )
     Component Get
( Type type, HostHandle host_handle, Chain
chain )   Component
GetComponentThatImplements( Type type,
HostHandle host_handle, Chain chain )
  Component GetComponents (
Type type, HostHandle host_handle,

Chain chain, u32 count )
     Component GetComponentsThatImplem
ent( Type type, HostHandle host_handle,

Chain chain, u32 count )
     void Free
( Type type, HostHandle host_handle,
Chain chain,
ComponentHandle
component_handle )      void
FreeChain ( HostHandle
host_handle, Chain chain )
________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
_____

     //downcast a Component to one of its
subclasses.
  // please use this instead of the
c-style '(Type)object' so that casts are checked
in debug   //Example

     // HeadComponent my_head
COMPONENT_CAST(component_ptr, Head)
  //

   define
COMPONENT_CAST(component, type) \

  ((typeComponent)ValidCast(component,
DynamicComponenttype))
     inline Component ValidCast
( Component component, Type type )

49
namespace DynamicComponent



  // Hosts' API



     Component Allocate
( Type type, HostHandle host_handle,

Chain chain, void prius NULL )
  Component ResolveHandle
( Type type, ComponentHandle
component_handle )      Component
Get ( Type type,
HostHandle host_handle, Chain chain )
  Component GetComponentThatImplements(
Type type, HostHandle host_handle, Chain chain )
  Component GetComponents
( Type type, HostHandle host_handle,

Chain chain, u32 count )
     Component GetComponentsThatImpl
ement( Type type, HostHandle host_handle,

Chain chain, u32 count )
     void Free
( Type type, HostHandle host_handle,
Chain chain,
ComponentHandle
component_handle )      void
FreeChain ( HostHandle
host_handle, Chain chain )

   define COMPONENT_CAST(component, type) \

  ((typeComponent)ValidCast(component,
DynamicComponenttype))
     inline Component ValidCast
( Component component, Type type )
   ___________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________

     //

     // Systems' API

  //

     // Call these from
systems that use the DCS
  //



     //get a
list of component types that implement the
interface of the given component type
     // count should be passed with the size of
the types array.
     // on return, count will contain the
number of matching component types,
  // up to the specified limit.

     Type
GetTypesThatImplement ( Type type, u32 count
)
50
namespace DynamicComponent



  // Hosts' API



     Component Allocate
( Type type, HostHandle host_handle,

Chain chain, void prius NULL )
  Component ResolveHandle
( Type type, ComponentHandle
component_handle )      Component
Get ( Type type,
HostHandle host_handle, Chain chain )
  Component GetComponentThatImplements(
Type type, HostHandle host_handle, Chain chain )
  Component GetComponents
( Type type, HostHandle host_handle,

Chain chain, u32 count )
     Component GetComponentsThatImpl
ement( Type type, HostHandle host_handle,

Chain chain, u32 count )
     void Free
( Type type, HostHandle host_handle,
Chain chain,
ComponentHandle
component_handle )      void
FreeChain ( HostHandle
host_handle, Chain chain )

   define COMPONENT_CAST(component, type) \

  ((typeComponent)ValidCast(component,
DynamicComponenttype))
     inline Component ValidCast
( Component component, Type type )


     //

     // Systems' API

  //

     // Call these from
systems that use the DCS
  //



     Type
GetTypesThatImplement ( Type type,
u32 count )
   _______________________________________________
__________________________________________________
______

     //returns whether component type
implements interface
  bool
TypeImplements ( Type type, Type
interface )
51
namespace DynamicComponent



  // Hosts' API



     Component Allocate
( Type type, HostHandle host_handle,

Chain chain, void prius NULL )
  Component ResolveHandle
( Type type, ComponentHandle
component_handle )      Component
Get ( Type type,
HostHandle host_handle, Chain chain )
  Component GetComponentThatImplements(
Type type, HostHandle host_handle, Chain chain )
  Component GetComponents
( Type type, HostHandle host_handle,

Chain chain, u32 count )
     Component GetComponentsThatImpl
ement( Type type, HostHandle host_handle,

Chain chain, u32 count )
     void Free
( Type type, HostHandle host_handle,
Chain chain,
ComponentHandle
component_handle )      void
FreeChain ( HostHandle
host_handle, Chain chain )

   define COMPONENT_CAST(component, type) \

  ((typeComponent)ValidCast(component,
DynamicComponenttype))
     inline Component ValidCast
( Component component, Type type )


     //

     // Systems' API

  //

     // Call these from
systems that use the DCS
  //



     Type
GetTypesThatImplement ( Type type,
u32 count )      bool
TypeImplements ( Type
type, Type interface )
   _______________________________________________
__________________________________________________
______

     //returns the number of components of
type that are currently allocated
  u32 GetNumAllocated
( Type type )

52
namespace DynamicComponent



  // Hosts' API



     Component Allocate
( Type type, HostHandle host_handle,

Chain chain, void prius NULL )
  Component ResolveHandle
( Type type, ComponentHandle
component_handle )      Component

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