The Cold War

1
The Cold War

• A very BRIEF outline..

2
The Cold War begins..

• Yalta conference, UN is created with FDR.
• Potsdam conference, tensions mount.Stalin
  promised open elections in new territories
  (satellite nations)but didnt.
• The policy of CONTAINMENT begins

3
DEMOCRACY

• What is democracy?
• A POLITICAL system
• The public controls the government
• In U.S., we use representative democracyelecting
  people to represent us in making laws
• Arguments against representative democracy
• Representatives usually arent representative
• Political parties make for frequent transitions
• Elections are expensive
• Corruption is frequent

4
CAPITALISM

• What is capitalism?
• An ECONOMIC system
• The means of production are privately owned and
  operated for profit
• Production and distribution as well as prices of
  goods and labor are controlled by supply and
  demand
• Law of self-interest People will do what
  benefits them
• Arguments Against Capitalism
• Rich get richer, poor get poorer
• Very materialistic

5
Socialism vs Communism

• What is socialism?
• An ECONOMIC system
• Cooperation and social responsibility
• When wealth is equal, social equality will occur
• The public controls the means of production
• Government controls most important businesses
• MarxSees socialism as transition from capitalism
  democracy to

• What is communism?
• A POLITICAL and ECONOMIC system
• Gradual replacement of socialism to a classless,
  stateless social organization based on common
  ownership of means of production
• Arguments against communism
• No price system
• Inherent laziness (Law of Self-Interest)
• Marx
• Communism emerging slowly from socialism, which
  slowly emerges from capitalism

6
Truman Doctrine and Marshall planTruman is
President.1947

• TRUMAN DOCTRINE
• President asked congress for 400M. US policy to
  support free people who are resisting attempted
  subjugation by armed minorities or outside
  pressures.

• MARSHALL PLAN
• Sec. of State G. Marshall proposed that US
  provide aid to all european nations that needed
  it
• 16 countries received 13B
• By 1952 Western Europe was flourishing, and
  communism didnt look appealing.

7
Berlin Airlift CAUSES

• In 1948 GB, Fr, and the US combined their 3
  zones
• Western Berlin was still surrounded by Soviet
  territory, and Stalin wanted it
• Stalin closed all roads and rail into W. Berlin.
• Residents (2.1M) only had 5 weeks worth of
  supplies

8
Berlin Airliftwhat happened?

• US and GB began flying food and supplies in to W.
  Berlin.
• Lasted 327 days, and 2.3M tons of supplies was
  delivered in 277,000 flights.
• Overall impression Uplifted American prestige
  around the worldSoviets realized they were
  beaten in May 1949

9
NATO

• In response to the Berlin Blockade
• Formed by 12 W. European nations, the US, and
  Canada.
• NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION
• If 1 country was attacked, the other would
  support their allies.
• This was the 1st MILITARY ALLIANCE the US joined
  during peacetime.
• Iron Curtain

10
What happened in China

• 20 years the nationalists and communists
  struggled in China.
• Look at the chart on pg 816.
• US supported Chaing Kai-Shek- between 1945 and
  1949 we gave the nationalists 3B.
• 1949 Chaing Kai- Shek fled to Taiwan and China
  became COMMUNIST!

11
KOREA.background

• 1945 Korea was ruled by JapaneseN. Korea
  surrendered to the USSR. S. Korea surrendered to
  the US.
• 1948 South Korea became democratic, and North
  Korea became Communist
• It was divided at the 38th Parallel

12
Korean Warbegins

• June 25, 1950 North Korea (backed by USSR)
  surprise attacked South Korea.
• June 27, 1950 the UN voted to send in troops
  (USSR was not there to vote)
• Troops were immediately taken from Japan and sent
  to Korea under MacAurthurs rule.

13
Korean War.

• At 1st, N. Korea was successful then the UN
  troops pushed N.Korea back to near defeat.(close
  to China)
• November 1950 China entered the war to help the
  N. Koreans.
• January 1951 UN was pushed out of N. Korea.
• MacAurthur wanted to invade China.Truman
  disagreed.MacAurthur was FIRED.

14
Korean Warends

• June 1951 USSR offers a cease-fire.
• June 1953 an armistice was signed
• Results the war was a STALEMATE!
• Question Were we successful????

15
(No Transcript)
16
1950s

• Joseph McCarthy (McCarthyism)
• Thought there was a communist conspriacy and
  tried to arrest all suspected communists
• Alger Hiss convicted Soviet Spy
• Rosenbergs Sold secrets of A-bomb to soviets
• Domino Theory If one country falls to communism
  the surrounding countries will also fall

17
1960s

• U-2
• Gary powers flying spy plane over USSR gets shot
  down and placed in siberian prison
• Berlin Wall
• Soviet controlled East Berlin puts up concrete
  and barbed wire fencing in middle of night to
  keep east Germans in. (August 13th 1961)
• JFK Ich bin ein Berliener
• Vietnam Domino Theory

18
CUBA

• Revolution Castro and communists take over in
  1959
• U.S. Begins embargo on Cuban goods
• Bay of Pigs
• The United States helped to train a group of
  Cuban exiles to invade Cuba and overthrow castro
• The invasion begins with the promise that the
  United States will help the exiles. The United
  States does not help and the exiles are killed or
  captured

19
Cuba

• Cuban Missile Crisis
• Soviets secretly place ICBMs in Cuba
• U.S. Iteligence finds out
• U.S. implements Blockade to keep soviets from
  making missiles active
• In a back channel deal U.S. agrees to remove
  short range nukes from Turkey if Soviets remove
  missiles from Cuba.

20
The Space Race

• Sputnik I Soviets launch first satellite
• Major events Race to moon begin
• NASA Created
• Monkeys (soviets) and Dogs (U.S.) in Space
• July 20th 1969 U.S. ends race to moon
• Neil Armstrong
• More government

21
1970s

• Détente
• Period of reduced tensions between the U.S. and
  Soviet Union.
• Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty(S.A.L.T.)

22
The End of the Cold War

• Ronald Reagan
• Started arms race
• Star Wars
• Berlin Wall
• Mr. Gorbachev tear down this wall
• Wall Officially opens on November 9th 1989
  (perestroika, glastnost)
• George H.W. Bush is president when cold war
  officially ends in 1991