Genetically Modified Organisms

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Genetically Modified Organisms
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1. Go to my wikipage oconnorbiology.greenwich.wiki
   spaces.net
2. Click on the Google Forms link
3. Answer the questions.
4. With the students in your row compare the
   resources you used. Rank in order which
   resources were the most reliable to the least
   reliable.
5. Be prepared to defend your ranking.

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Who has eaten corn in the last week?
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Who has eaten margarine in the past week?
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Who has a baby in their family?
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From Shelf to Table GM Foods Everywhere

• How prevalent do you think GMFs are in your diet?
• What questions do you have after watching this
  video clip?

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GMO/GMF

• What is it?
• Do we need it?
• Is it safe?

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Traditional vs Genetically Modified Food
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Think - Pair - Share

• What is the difference between organic and
  conventional farming?
• How would you include genetically modified food
  in this explanation?
• http//www.pbs.org/wgbh/harvest/engineer/

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Pennsylvania Farm
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(No Transcript)
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• Selective Breeding

• Transgenic Engineering

• It occurs between plants/animals of the same
  species (dog ? dog)
• Imprecise breeder may not get the exact results
  they want right away (desired gene may not have
  been passed along)
• Takes a long time to get desired results

• It can occur between different types of species
• (human ? bacteria)
• Precise the desired gene is inserted into the
  organism
• Desired results can result much quicker

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Humans selected for different characteristics of
the Wild Mustard plant and eventually created
many new types of vegetables.
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Transgenic Engineering
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Human Insulin
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What is the function of the insulin protein?
http//www.abpischools.org.uk/res/coResourceImport
/modules/hormones/en-flash/geneticeng.cfm
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How is Human Insulin Produced By Bacteria?
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Genetic Engineering Processes and Hopes

• Read the New York Times Article
• Growers Fret Over a New Apple That Wont Turn
  Brown
• The LEFT side of the class will highlight the
  PROs mentioned in this article
• The RIGHT side of the class will highlight the
  CONs mentioned in this article

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Reasons to Genetically Modify Food
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Chicken Breast Enlargement

• Do you think big chicken companies genetically
  modify their chickens?

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Think - Pair - Share

• What are suggestive reasons why agriculture
  scientists should develop genetically modified
  organisms?

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Suggested Reasons to Grow/Eat Genetically Modify
Organisms

• 1. Nutritionally enhance food products (ex.
  Golden rice)

• Is 10 better than nothing?

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Suggested Reasons to Grow/Eat Genetically Modify
Organisms

• 2. Slow down ripening of produce (ex. Flavr
  Savr tomato)

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Suggested Reasons to Grow/Eat Genetically Modify
Organisms

• 3. Tolerant to
• Pathogenic bacteria or viruses (ex. Papaya)
• Herbicides (ex. Roundup Ready corn)
• Pests Insects (ex. Bt Corn)

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• Weed Free Crops
• Herbicide Resistant Crop GM plants that are not
  harmed by herbicide sprays

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Pest - Insect Free Crops

• Built-in
• Insecticide/Pesticide
• Crop
• GM plants that can kill an insect or pest that
  feeds on the plant (ex. Bt Corn)

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Suggested Reasons Grow/Eat Genetically Modify
Organisms

• 4. Faster growth increase in yields (Ex.
  Corn, Soy, Canola, Salmon)

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Suggested Reasons Grow/Eat Genetically Modify
Organisms

• 5. Other convenient needs (ex. Arctic apple
  , Glo Fish )

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Are there RISKS associated with GMOs?
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Suggested Reasons AGAINST Genetically Modify
Organisms

• 1. Risk of pollen-pollution caused by cross
  pollination. Gene transfer to non-target
  species.

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Suggested Reasons AGAINST Genetically Modify
Organisms

• 1. Risk of unintended harm to other plants and
  animals

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Suggested Reasons AGAINST Genetically Modify
Organisms

• 3. Reduced effectiveness of pesticides/insecticid
  es or herbicides.

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Suggested Reasons AGAINST Genetically Modify
Organisms

• 4. Risk of Unknown side effects for humans

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Suggested Reasons AGAINST Genetically Modify
Organisms

• 5. Risk of economic concerns of
  monopolization

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1. A plasmid (bacteria DNA) is removed from a
bacteria cell.
2. DNA is removed from a human cell.
3. Using an enzyme, the desired gene (for insulin
production) is isolated.
4. The bacteria plasmid is snipped open using an
enzyme.
5. The human insulin gene fragment aligns binds
with the opened plasmid.
6. The plasmid is inserted into a bacteria cell.
7. When the bacteria reproduces, the new bacteria
cells will contain the human insulin gene.
Human insulin will be produced and collected by
scientists.