FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY

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• FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY
• U3MEA03
• Prepared by
• Mr. Kannan,
• Assistant Professor, Mechanical Department
• VelTech Dr.RR Dr.SR Technical University

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UNIT I-Basic Concepts and Properties

• Fluid definition, distinction between solid
  and fluid - Units and dimensions - Properties of
  fluids - density, specific weight, specific
  volume, specific gravity, temperature, viscosity,
  compressibility, vapour pressure, capillary and
  surface tension - Fluid statics concept of fluid
  static pressure, absolute and gauge pressures -
  pressure measurements by manometers and pressure
  gauges.

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Fluid Mechanics

• Fluid mechanics is that branch of science which
  deals with the behaviour of fluids (liquids or
  gases) at rest as well as in motion. Thus this
  branch of science deals with the static,
  kinematics and dynamic aspects of fluids. The
  study of fluids at rest is called fluid statics.
  The study of fluids in motion, where pressure
  forces are not considered, is called fluid
  kinematics and if the pressure forces are also
  considered for the fluids in motion, that branch
  of science is called fluid dynamics.

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Field of Fluid Mechanics can be divided into 3
branches

• Fluid Statics mechanics of fluids at rest
• Kinematics deals with velocities and streamlines
  w/o considering forces or energy
• Fluid Dynamics deals with the relations between
  velocities and accelerations and forces exerted
  by or upon fluids in motion

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APPLICATIONS

• Mechanics of fluids is extremely important in
  many areas of engineering and science. Examples
  are
• Biomechanics
• Blood flow through arteries
• Meteorology and Ocean Engineering
• Movements of air currents and water currents
• Chemical Engineering
• Design of chemical processing equipment

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• Mechanical Engineering
• Design of pumps, turbines, air-conditioning
  equipment, pollution-control equipment, etc.
• Civil Engineering
• Transport of river sediments
• Pollution of air and water
• Design of piping systems
• Flood control systems

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Dimensions and Units

• Before going into details of fluid mechanics, we
  stress importance of units
• In U.S, two primary sets of units are used
• 1. SI (Systeme International) units
• 2. English units

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Unit Table
Quantity SI Unit English Unit
Length (L) Meter (m) Foot (ft)
Mass (m) Kilogram (kg) Slug (slug) lbsec2/ft
Time (T) Second (s) Second (sec)
Temperature ( ) Celcius (oC) Farenheit (oF)
Force Newton (N)kgm/s2 Pound (lb)

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UNIT II-FLUID KINEMATICS AND BOUNDARY LAYER
CONCEPTS

• Fluid Kinematics - Flow visualization - lines of
  flow - types of flow - continuity equation (one
  dimensional differential forms)- fluid dynamics
  - equations of motion - Euler's equation along a
  streamline - Bernoulli's equation applications
  - Venturi meter, Orifice meter, Pitot tube -
  Boundary layer flows, boundary layer thickness,
  boundary layer separation - drag and lift
  coefficients.

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UNIT III-Flow THROUGH PIPES

• Viscous flow - Navier - Stoke's equation
  (Statement only) - Shear stress, pressure
  gradient relationship - laminar flow between
  parallel plates - Laminar flow through circular
  tubes (Hagen poiseulle's) - Hydraulic and energy
  gradient - flow through pipes - Darcy
  -weisback's equation - pipe roughness -friction
  factor-minor losses - flow through pipes in
  series and in parallel - power transmission

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UNIT IV-DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS AND Hydraulic
Turbines

• Dimensional analysis - Buckingham's ? theorem-
  applications - similarity laws and models.
• Hydro turbines definition and classifications -
  Pelton turbine - Francis turbine - Kaplan
  turbine - working principles - velocity triangles
  - work done - specific speed - efficiencies
  -performance curve for turbines.

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UNIT V-Pumps

• Pumps definition and classifications -
  Centrifugal pump classifications, working
  principles, velocity triangles, specific speed,
  efficiency and performance curves - Reciprocating
  pump classification, working principles,
  indicator diagram, work saved by air vessels and
  performance curves - cavitations in pumps
  -priming- slip- rotary pumps working principles
  of gear, jet and vane pumps.

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• THANK YOU