Research Paper Writing

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Research Paper Writing
Mavis Shang 97??????
Section IV
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Mixed-Methods and Mixed-Model Designs

• Definition and Characteristics
• A. Use both qualitative and quantitative
  methods in
• the design, data collection, and analysis
• B. Quantitative analysis first, and then
  followed by
• content analysis of qualitative data

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Mixed-Methods and Mixed-Model Designs
II. Importance in Educational and Psychological
Research A. Obtain a more complete
picture of human behavior and
experience B. Provide broader and deeper
understanding of the issue
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Mixed-Methods and Mixed-Model Designs
III. Three paradigms for deeper understanding
A. Pragmatic paradigm 1. Researcher
determines which method to use to
answer a specific research question (i.e., find a
problem/issue and use a method for
solutions) 2. Conduct the study and
anticipate the results based on
researchers own values and
explanations (the result may match their value
system)
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Mixed-Methods and Mixed-Model Designs
B. Transformative paradigm Emphasize minority
groups values and viewpoints for social
change (Transformation means change)
C. Mixed-method design 4 options to apply
pragmatic and transformative paradigms
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Mixed-Methods and Mixed-Model Designs
IV. Mixed-Methods/Models Design Apply the
quantitative and qualitative methods
simultaneously (parallel) or sequentially
4 design options A. Pragmatic parallel
mixed-methods B. Pragmatic sequential
mixed-methods C. Transformative parallel
mixed-methods D. Transformative sequential
mixed-methods
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Mixed-Methods and Mixed-Model Designs
A. Pragmatic parallel mixed-methods 1.
Collect qualitative and quantitative data to
answer research questions 2. Collect
two types of data simultaneously or with
small time lag (almost simultaneously) e.g.,
examine 16 cases by doing a quantitative
questionnaire study and qualitative open-ended
interviews with two independent
phases (no data analysis)
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Mixed-Methods and Mixed-Model Designs
B. Pragmatic sequential mixed-methods 1.
Collect and analyze one type of data (e.g.
quantitative) as a basis for collecting another
type of data (e.g., qualitative) 2. The
second phase of research is to confirm or
disconfirm the first phase e.g.,
questionnaires first use the results to develop
qualitative interviews
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Mixed-Methods and Mixed-Model Designs
C. Transformative parallel mixed-methods 1.
Use qualitative and quantitative methods to
promote social or political changes 2.
Explore the minoritys populations 3.
Emphasize value-based and action-oriented
purposes (make changes for improvement)
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Mixed-Methods and Mixed-Model Designs
D. Transformative sequential mixed-methods 1.
Focus on the minoritys populations and values
2. One type of data provides a basis for
collection of another type of data
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Mixed-Methods and Mixed-Model Designs
V. Questions for Critically Analyzing
Mixed-Methods Research (see Table 10.3)
A. Consider inference quality internal
validity (quantitative) trustworthiness
(qualitative) consistency between
research purpose, research questions,
and methodology used
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Mixed-Methods and Mixed-Model Designs
B. Conflicts between qualitative (small sample)
and quantitative (large sample), so need to
link both data C. Need to consider a lot
of factors e.g., language, gender, reading
or writing levels (demographic information)
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Mixed-Methods and Mixed-Model Designs

• V. Questions for Critically Analyzing
  Mixed-Methods
• Research (see Table 10.3)
• What are your research purpose and questions?
• Have you matched the purpose and questions to
  appropriate methods?
• To what extent do you reach the criteria of the
  quality for the quantitative part of the study?
  (i.e., internal validity, external validity,
  reliability, objectivity)

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Mixed-Methods and Mixed-Model Designs
4. To what extent do you reach the criteria of
the quality for the qualitative part of the
study? (i.e., credibility, transferability,
dependability, confirmability, authenticity,
transformative) 5. How do you solve the conflict
between the design and implementation of the
study? 6. What is the limitations for
generalization?
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Mixed-Methods and Mixed-Model Designs
7. How do you integrate the results from the
mixed methods? How do you explain the conflicting
findings if necessary? 8. How do you control and
explain the factors of gender, language levels,
etc?