Ch 2. Sanitation management today and in the future

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Ch 2. Sanitation management today and in the
future
Aeration lagoons in a city sewage treatment plant
(J-O Drangert)
Women washing clothes in a way which optimises
water use (R. Shrestha)
Jan-Olof Drangert, Linköping University, Sweden
2
2.1 Management arrangements

• at household and community levels

Is there one sanitation system that suits all
situations, or do we have to choose?
Learning objectives to match management with
technology and local conditions
Jan-Olof Drangert, Linköping University, Sweden
3
Changes in our perceptions of urban flows
water
Household, community or city
non-organic items
chemicals
wastewater
WWTP
lake
food
Year 1900 nutrients from human waste were
recycled ? but disposal of glass and metal in
latrine bins made this impossible ? Human-derived
nutrients went into the water cycle
Year 2000 use of sewage sludge as fertiliser ?
but heavy metals and hormones in wastewater made
this impossible ? Sludge went to landfill or
incineration
Jan-Olof Drangert, Linköping University, Sweden
4
(a) An urban eco-house for a single family
Roof tanks
Hot water solar heater
Rainwater catchment
Rainwater catchment
Urine-diverting toilet
flower garden
Dug well for groundwater recharge
SODIS drinking water
Vegetable garden with urine composted faecal
matter
Greywater treatment plant
Rainwater collection tank
Biosand filter for well water treatment
Courtesy of Roshan Shrestha, Nepal
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(a 1) Rainwater collection and storage
Bio-sand filter for well water
Roof catchment for rain
Biosand filter
Well for groundwater recharge
Rainwater pipe
Underground tank
Underground tank rainwater flushing
Rainwater overflow pipe
Groundwater recharge
Courtesy of Roshan Shrestha, Nepal
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(a 2) Waterless and odourless urine-diverting
toilet
Porcelain UD-toilet
Co-compostbin
Co-compost bin
Resting bin for faeces
Shute
Urine tank with tap
Collection bin
Courtesy of Roshan Shrestha, Nepal
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(a 3) Gardening with greywater, urine and
composted faecal matter
Lawn and flowers on terrace garden
SODIS treatment of drinking water
Reed bed for treating greywater that is recycled
on the terrace
Courtesy of Roshan Shrestha, Nepal
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Self-contained neighbourhood with six houses in
a small town in Australia
Courtesy of Garry Scott, Compost Toilet
Systems, Mullumbimby, Australia
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(b 1) Some ingenious technical details
Rainwater filter box
Diversion of clean rainwater
Collection tube for the first rain
Fly trap a simple plastic bottle cut in two
Newly installed container for excreta (Clivus
Multrum)
Courtesy of Garry Scott, Compost Toilet Systems,
Mullumbimby, Australia
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(c) A block of semi-detached ecosan houses in
Kimberley, South Africa
Courtesy of SIPU International, Sweden
J-O Drangert, Linköping UniversitySweden
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(c 1) The sanitation arrangements at each house

Bio-solids
Jan-Olof Drangert, Linköping University, Sweden
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(c 2) Design solutions in Kimberley, South Africa
plastic bucket
Small garden
Greywater use in the garden
Water-less urinal
opening to remove bucket
Door to reach the bucket from outside of house
Kimberley UDT in píeces
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(d) Eco-blocks in water-scarce Erdos, China
Greywater treatment plant
Composting station
Pond with effluent
4-5 storey buildings
Surrounding farmland
Surrounding farmland
Source Zhu Quiang 2008
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(d 1) Sanitation arrangements in Erdos eco-town
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(d 2) Resident assessment in Erdos
Ventilated cabinet
Bent vent pipes to evacuate bin
Four types of problems frequency of occurrence
in August 2008
Source Zhu Quiang 2008
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(e) High-rise housing complex in the
water-scarce city of Bangalore, India
J-O Drangert, Linköping University, Sweden
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(e 1) Mini-wastewater treatment plant in the
cellar
Carbon filter
Pressure sand filter
Sedimentation and aeration tanks
Dewatering compressor
J-O Drangert, Linköping University, Sweden
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(e 2) Experiences and future trends
Ganesh Consultancy Analytical Services,
Bangalore (Mini-WWTP)
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(f) Self-contained housing complex
25 L
WC
15 L
50 L
10 L
130 L
80 L
wetland
STP 130
55 L groundwater recharge
70 L
well water 80 L
groundwater
Jan-Olof Drangert, Linköping University, Sweden
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Strategies for sanitation improvements

• Principle
• Organic ? other solid waste
• Stormwater ? sewage
• Industrial ? household wastewater
• Black toilet water ? greywater
• Faeces ? urine

Jan-Olof Drangert, Linköping University, Sweden