Overview

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Overview of Digital Relays
ISO Training John S. Levine, P.E. Levine
Lectronics Lectric John_at_L-3.com www.L-3.com
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ISO Training July 22, 2008Outline

• Introduction
• Overview of Digital Relays
• Tools
• Enervista Launchpad
• PowerPoint presentations at
• GE Digital Relays
• Protection Basics
• SR489
• GE Multilin G30 Training
• Post Glover NGR Training
• ANSI Symbols handout
• Conversion of Electro-Mechanical to Electronic
  sheet
• GE Multilin Training CDs

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Trends

• 75 of Installed Base of Relays are
  Electromechanical
• 90 of New Relays Purchased are
  Digital/Electronic
• Lingering Issue of Putting All Eggs In One
  Basket
• No Backup
• Like to See Disk Move
• Solve with Backup (such as DIAC as backup to
  SR760 or F60)
• Gain Excellent Accuracy and No Setting Drift
• Manufacturers have Created Relay Families, thus
  reducing maintenance, OM costs and training.

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Microprocessor-Relay Benefits

• Multi-Function Protection Cost Effectiveness
• Configurable/Programmable Logic
• User Configurable Time Current Curves
• Self-Testing of Relays Algorithms with Alarm
  Contact
• Reduce Periodic Testing
• Every 1-2 years for Electromechanical
• Every 5-10 years for Digital (or More!)
• Improved System Data
• Fault Location Reporting - Waveform Capturing
• Internal Operation Data - Metering
• Breaker Health Monitoring - Demand Interval
  Records
• Sequence of Event Reporting

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Microprocessor-Relay Benefits

• Flexible Settings
• Multiple Setting Levels
• Communication Capabilities
• Local via Keypad
• Remote via Computer and Modem
• Networks can be created
• Reduced Panel Space Wiring
• Compact Packaging
• Tested at Factory
• Eliminate Component Panel Metering

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Digital Relays - Areas Of Use

• Distribution Feeder Protection
• Reclosing
• Down Conductor Detection
• Breaker Failure Protection
• Generator Protection
• Transmission Line Protection
• Transformer Protection
• Bus Protection
• Motor Protection

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NEW
OLD
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Programmability

• Digital Relays Have
• Programmable Inputs
• Programmable Outputs (ALARM TRIP)
• Programmable Logic
• Boolean Logic - AND, OR, NOT Logic
• Programmable Time Current Curves

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Waveform Capturing Including Bar Plotting of
Unit Operation
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Metering

• 0.25 - 5 Accuracy on I V
• Typical Values
• Can Be Accessed Locally or Remotely
• Some Relays Have Analog Outputs Proportional to
  Metering Values (i.e. 0-1mA)

• Current
• Voltage
• Watts, Vars, PF
• Frequency
• kWh, kVarh
• Phase Angles

• Min Max Values with Date Time Stamp
• Harmonic Values of I
• Symmetrical Components
• Operation Counters
• Breaker Position

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Metering
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Other Monitoring

• Breaker Health Monitoring
• Cumulative I2T or IT
• Activate Alarm At Set Level
• Demand Interval Reporting
• 15, 30, 60 Minute Intervals over Several Days
• I, Watts, Vars, VA, PF
• Peak Values Recorded
• Date Time Stamped
• Trip Close Coil Monitor
• Fault Location Fault Reporting

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Sequence Of Events Recording

• Events Stored with Date Time
• Alarms
• Contact Operations
• Logins Logouts
• Waveform Captures
• Remote Operations
• Resets
• Setting Changes
• Last 100-1000 Events Stored

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Settings

• Easier Than Electromechanical/Static
• Flexible settings
• Relays Have Multiple Setting Groups
• Can be Switched with Input Contacts or Remotely
• Settings Are Stored in Files and Down Loaded to
  Relay with PC
• Easy to Copy Existing Setting Files and Modify
• Accurate Implementation of Settings
• No Overtravel
• No Large Drifts in Set Points
• Selection of Reset Times
• Fast (Digital) or Slow (Electromechanical)

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Local Communications

• Thru Keypad, Up, Down Arrows, Enter/Select Keys
  or RS232 Port on Relay
• Local LED Display
• Reset Key/Button
• LED Targets
• Password Protection

Phase TOC1 OP
DN
ENTER
UP
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Communications
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Remote Communications

• Thru Rear RS232 or RS485 Port Using Standard
  Modem Software or Relay Manufacturers
  Communication Software
• Password Protection
• 10Mbps Ethernet Connections - Wire or Fiber
• Multiple Protocol Support (DNP3.0, Modbus RTU,
  Devicenet, Profibus, and IEC 61850)

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Substation Communications - LAN WAN
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Communications
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Memory Map Example

• Group Address Description
• Current 0300 Phase A Current
• 0301 Phase B
  Current
• 0302 Phase C
  Current
• 030D Phase A
  Differential
• 030E Phase B
  Differential
• 030F Phase C
  Differential

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Available Control by Digital Relaysvia
Communications Protocols

• Reset Data
• Min/Max, Demand, etc.
• Reset Targets
• Operate Output Contacts
• Trip Close
• Trigger Waveform Capture

• Set Date Time
• Force Input Contact Operation
• Block Relay Functions
• Perform Setting Changes

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Maintenance Benefits

• Self-Test Capabilities
• Remote Communications
• Easy Setting Changes
• One Model Could Be Used for Several Applications
• No Setting Drift of Digital Relay
• Reduced Wiring
• Flash Memory
• Upgradeable Firmware

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Todays Feeder and Transformer Digital Relays
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DIAC,DIFC,DSFC Single Phase Overcurrent
Protection

• Digital Overcurrent Relay Platform w/ True RMS
  Overcurrent Measurement (50/51)
• Replace IAC, IFC and SFC relays. . .
• Self Powered (no DC Battery Required)
• Same case size, no metal modifications
• Simply add surge ground lead
• User Selection of 16 curve characteristics
• Exact Duplication of IAC51, IAC53 IAC77
  Characteristics
• Instantaneous Overcurrent Delay Setting
• Reset Characteristic Selection (Fast or E/M)
• Draw-out Case with Test Facilities
• Retrofit existing IAC, IFC and SFC Cases
• Very Low Burden (1.8VA)
• No Communications

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SR760 - Feeder Protection

• 16 Samples/Cycle
• 3 Phase Ground Overcurrent Protection
• Programmable Time Current Curves
• Over/Under Voltage
• Over/Under Frequency
• Synch Check
• 4 Shot Reclosing
• Fault Location
• 4 Setting Groups
• Analog Outputs/Input (8/1)
• Metering I, V, W, Var, VA, PF, Hz, Wh, Varh
• Waveform Capturing
• RS485 Communications
• DNP3.0 and Modbus RTU Protocols
• Flash Memory for Upgrades
• Drawout Construction
• Programmable Display
• Simulation Test Mode
• IRIG-B Time Sync

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SR489 Generator Management Relay

• Product Overview
• Ideal Protection for Induction and Synchronous
  Generators at 25, 50 and 60Hz
• Complete Generator Protection including
• Generator Stator Differential
• 2 Zone Distance Backup
• 100 Stator Ground
• High speed sampling, 12 samples per cycle
• Drawout Case Installation
• Powerful Fault Recording Waveform, Sequence of
  Events
• Ethernet and Serial Communications
• EnerVista Suite of Software supported
• Metering of all important parameters

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SR489 Protection Functions

• Protection Functions Include
• Generator Stator Differential
• Backup Distance Protection
• 100 Stator Ground
• Generator Unbalance
• Loss of Excitation
• Accidental Energization
• Breaker Fail
• Phase Overcurrent Voltage Restraint
• Neutral Inst. / Timed Overcurrent
• Neg. Sequence Overcurrent
• Under / Over Voltage
• Under / Over Frequency
• Generator Thermal Model
• RTD Temperature
• Overexcitation Volts/Hertz

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SR745 - Transformer Protection

• 64 Samples/Cycle
• 3 Phase Differential Protection
• 3 Phase Ground Overcurrent per Winding
• Adaptive Time Overcurrent
• Programmable Time Current Curves
• Loss of Life Monitoring (Opt.)
• 4 Setting Groups
• Harmonic Analysis (up to 25st)
• Angle Zero Sequence Compensation
• Analog Outputs/Input (Opt.)
• 2 3 Winding Models
• Configurable Logic
• Waveform Capturing Playback
• Simulation Test Mode
• Flash Memory for Upgrades
• RS485 Communications
• Modbus RTU and DNP3.0 Protocols
• Programmable Display
• Dynamic CT Ratio Correction

SR745
Transformer Management Relay
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The UR Family - One Common Architecture

• L60 (Transmission Line Phase Comparison)
• L90 (Transmission Line Current Differential)
• D30, D60, abd D90 (Transmission Line Distance)
  
• B30 and B90 (Busbar 6 to 24 Feeder)

• F35 (Feeder Multiple Feeders - Basic
  Protection)
• F60 (Feeder Comprehensive w Hi-Z)
• T60 (Transformer Comprehensive)
• C30 (Control IED)
• C60 (Breaker Management IED)

GENERATION / MOTOR

• G30 and G60 (Generator Comprehensive)
• T60 and T35 (Transformer Basic up to 6
  Windings)
• B30 and B90 (Busbar Comprehensive up to 24
  Feeders)
• M60 (Motor)

The Engine for Substation / Plant Automation
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Modular Hardware Family
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Physical Realization
High-Speed Data Bus
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Modularity...
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Modularity... !
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Upgradeability/Serviceability
CPU Automatically Recognizes New Hardware
upon Initialization
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Example Busbar with 5 Feeders
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Example Inputs in to UR Relay
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Example UR Relay using Sources
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Universal Relay
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F60 Feeder Protection

• Single Feeder Protection with Bus Voltage
• Phase, Neutral Ground Time Overcurrent (51P,
  51N, 51G)
• Phase, Neutral Ground Inst.Overcurrent (50P,
  50N, 50G)
• Negative Sequence Time Overcurrent (51_2)
• Negative Sequence Inst.Overcurrent (50_2)
• Fast or EM Reset Characteristic for TOC Elements
• Phase, Neutral and Negative Sequence Directional
  Control
• Phase Undervoltage Overvoltage
• Negative Sequence Overvoltage
• Underfrequency (6 elements)
• Overfrequency
• 4 Shot Autoreclosing with Sequence Coordination
• VT Fuse Failure
• Programmable Fast Slow Operations
• Breaker Failure (50BF)
• Synchrocheck (25)
• Cold Load Pickup
• Breaker Arcing Current (I2t)
• Data Logger Fault Location

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F35 Multiple Feeder Protection

• 5 Feeder Protection with Bus Voltage
• 6 Feeder Protection w/o Bus Voltage
• Programmable LED Panels
• (6) Phase TOC elements
• (12) Phase IOC elements
• (6) Neutral TOC elements
• (12) Neutral IOC elements
• (6) Ground TOC elements
• (12) Ground IOC elements
• (1) Phase Undervoltage element
• (6) Underfrequency elements
• (6) Autoreclosing elements
• FlexLogic with gates and timers
• Transducer I/O
• Data Logger
• Metering
• Oscillography
• Event Recorder
• Demand Recording

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LED Programmability
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T60 Transformer Protection

• Up to 4 Restraint Inputs
• 2 3 Restraint with Three Phase Voltage Inputs
• 4 Restraint without Voltage Inputs
• Dual Slope Percent Differential Protection (87T)
• Harmonic Inhibit Feature
• Overexitation Inhibit Feature
• Instantaneous Differential Element (50/87)
• Overcurrent Protection Per Winding (50/51)
• Phase, Neutral Ground Time Overcurrent
• Phase, Neutral Ground Inst.Overcurrent
• Fast or EM Reset Characteristic for TOC Elements
• Phase Undervoltage
• Phase Overvoltage
• Phase Neutral Directional OC
• Volts/Hz
• Restricted Ground Fault
• RTD and dcmA Inputs Available
• Underfrequency (6 elements)
• Data Logger

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UR Applications
Option 1 T60 - Transformer Protection F60 - Main
Feeder Protection F35 - Backup Feeder Protection
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UR Applications
Option 2 T60 - Transformer Protection F35 - Main
Feeder Protection F35 - Backup Feeder Protection
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Tools
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Free PC Software and Firmware

• Windows based
• Access all
• Actual Values
• Setpoints
• Status
• Event records
• Oscillography
• Graphical trending
• Setpoint programming
• Setpoint files
• Download updated firmware to Flash memory

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Enervista Launchpad http//www.geindustrial.com/m
ultilin/enervista/launchpad/
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Demo Relays at L-3
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ANSI Symbols
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Conversion of Electro-Mechanical to Electronic
sheet
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PowerPoint presentations at
http//l-3.com/private/levine/
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GE Multilin Training CDs
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• Thank You
• Questions?