Work Study 9/29/05

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Work Study9/29/05

• Objectives of the Module
• How to develop Work Method
• How to develop Work Standards (Measurement-MOST)

References George Kanawaty (Edit)Introduction
to Work Study, 4th ed, ILO, 1992 Kjell Zandin
MOST-Work Measurement Systems,3rd ed, Marcel
Dekker, 2003
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Work Study

• Work study is the Systematic (all factors are
  considered continuously) examination of the
  Methods of carrying on the activities so as to
  improve the Effective use of resources and to set
  up Standards of performance for the activities
  (Efficiency).
• Systematic in Investigation and development of
  solution (s)
• Other names?

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Work Study

• Work study depends on observation (physical or
  video taping) and should be conducted
  continuously
• Work Study should be conducted by an Independent
  (not line position) person (provide expert
  knowledge)
• The main objective of Work Study is to reduce
  ineffective Work content (reduce all types of
  waste i.e improve productivity)

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Non-Standard Parts, Others?
Layout (WS, plant?),Scheduling, Others?
Workmanship, Absenteeism, Others?
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Total Time of a Job

• Total Time Basic Work Content Ineffective
  Work
• The Basic Work Content is the irreducible minimum
  time theoretically required to produce ONE unit
  of output
• Effects of changing Methods and Ineffective time

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Terminologies

• Effectiveness ? Have resources to do the work
• Efficiency ? How well the work is done
  (cost and time)
• Productivity Output / Input

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Example 1

• A worker assembles 10 locks/hour. When the work
  method is changed he assembles 12 locks/hour. If
  the standard assembly time for this operation is
  15 locks/hour. Calculate
• Productivity of the worker after changing the
  assembly method
• 12 locks/hr
• Efficiency of the worker
• 12/15 0.8
• Productivity improvement
• (12-10)/10 0.2
• d) Increase in production
• (12-10) 2 locks/hour

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Terminologies

• Effectiveness ? Have resources to do the work
• Efficiency ? How well the work is done
  (cost and time)
• Productivity Output / Input
• Relationship between efficiency, effectiveness
  and productivity?
• Several productivity measures can be used for the
  same
• organization
• For dissimilar output and/or input, productivity
  is best
• expressed in monetary terms

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Example 2

• A worker assembles 10 locks/hour. When the work
  method is changed he assembles 12 locks/hour. If
  the standard assembly time for this operation is
  15 locks/hour. If the lock is sold for 3
  (revenue) and the worker is paid 5/hr
  (expenses). Calculate in monetary terms
• Productivity of the worker after changing the
  assembly method
• (12x3) /(1x5) 7.2 (Sales Revenue/Labor
  cost)
• Or (12x3-5)/5 6.2 (Profit / Labor cost)
  
• b) Efficiency of the worker
• (12x3)/(15x3) 0.8
• Productivity improvement
• (12-10)x3 /5 0.6
• or (12-10)x3 5 /5 0.2

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