Chapter 2 Sociological Research Methods

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Chapter 2Sociological Research Methods

• Why is Sociological Research Necessary?
• The Sociological Research Process
• Research Methods
• Ethical Issues in Sociological Research

2
Theory and Research Cycle Deductive Approach

• Research begins with a theory
• Theories generate hypothesis
• Hypothesis leads to observations.
• Observations lead to the formation of
  generalizations.
• Generalizations support the theory.

3
Theory and Research Cycle Inductive Approach

• Research begins with data
• Observations suggest generalizations.
• Generalizations produce a tentative theory.
• Theory is tested through formation of a
  hypothesis.
• Hypothesis may provide suggestions for additional
  observations.

4
Conventional Research Model

1. Select and define the research problem.
2. Review previous research.
3. Formulate the hypothesis.
4. Develop the research design.
5. Collect and analyze the data.
6. Draw conclusions and report the findings.

5
Qualitative Research Model

1. Research begins with a general approach rather
   than a detailed plan.
2. Research decides when literature review and
   theory application happen.

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Qualitative Research Model

1. Study presents a detailed view of the topic.
2. Access to people or other resources that can
   provide necessary data is crucial.
3. Appropriate research methods are important for
   acquiring useful qualitative data.

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Research Methods

• Survey Research
• Secondary Analysis of Existing Data
• Field Research
• Experiments

8
ASA Code of Ethics

• Basic ethical standards for sociologists
• including
• Disclose research findings in full and include
  all possible interpretations of the data.
• Safeguard participants right to privacy and
  dignity while protecting them from harm.

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ASA Code of Ethics

• Basic ethical standards for sociologists
• including
• Protect confidential information provided by
  participants.
• Acknowledge research collaboration and assistance
  and disclose all sources of financial support.