Alexander Fleming Inventor of Penicillin

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Alexander FlemingInventor of Penicillin
Sarah Murray 2005
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Childhood

• ?Born on Lochfield Farm, Darvel, Ayrshire on
  August 6, 1881.
• ?Was a farmer's son.
• ?Moved to London at age 13, to stay with his
  older brother.

Fleming working in his Laboratory.
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School

• ?Attended Louden Moor School, Darvel School, and
  Kilmarnock Academy.
• ?In London, he attended Polytechnic.

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St. Mary's

• ?Met Sir Almroth Wright, a professor at St.
  Marys.
• ?Joined his laboratory staff.
• ?Spent the rest of his life there, as a
  bacteriologist.

Site of Fleming's laboratory.
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Penicillin

• ?Discovered in 1928.
• ?Was working in his lab, trying to kill a deadly
  bacteria, when he noticed a blue mold growing on
  the dish.

The mold Penicillum Notatum.
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Not an ordinary mold

• ?Learned that it was the mold Penicillum Notatum.
  
• ? Penicillin is found in this mold.
• ?Noticed that the bacteria around the mold was
  dissolving.

The mold Penicillum Notatum.
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How it is was Developed

• ?For 9 years, nobody could purify the Penicillum
  Notatum to get the pure penicillin.
• ?Finally, in 1938, a team of Oxford University
  Scientists, headed by Howard Florey and Ernst B.
  Chain helped to develop penicillin.

Penicillin being developed.
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Mass Production

• Methods for its mass production, purification,
  and stabilization were developed in the U.S., in
  cooperation with the Department of Agriculture.
  The US government paid for its mass production.
• If not for this, thousands of people would die.

A machine used to produce Penicillin.
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How Penicillin is used

• In early days of Penicillin therapy, the drug
  was administered in small doses every three hours.

Penicillin in a pill form.
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What it cures

• Penicillin has been known to cure many diseases
  such as Pneumonia, Scarlet Fever, Syphilis,
  Tetanus, and Gangrene.

Pneumonia.
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How it works

• Penicillin works by killing bacteria. To do
  this, it interferes with the bacterias ability
  to synthesize the cell wall.

Penicillum viewed through a microscope.
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Forms of Penicillin

• There are many different forms of Penicillin,
  which all come from the molds of genus named
  Penicillum. Penicillin G, Penicillin V,
  Ampicillin, and Amoxicillin are the most commonly
  used forms of Penicillin.

Penicillin G.
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World War II

• Penicillin was introduced to the world just in
  time for World War II. It helped save many lives
  during the war, and has been greatly appreciated
  since.

An add for Penicillin, during WWII.
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Later Life

• He married a nurse, and they had a son named
  Robert, who was born in 1924. His wife died in
  1949. He was working with Amalia Coutsouris
  Voureka in a laboratory, and they married in
  1953. He later died at the age of 74, on March
  11, 1955.

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Awards and Recognitions
? Memberships in 87 Scientific Academies and
Societies ? The Nobel Prize with Howard Florey
and Ernst B. Chain for Physiology or Medicine in
1945.
? Collected 25 Honorary Degrees ? 26 Medals ? 18
Prized ? 13 Decorations ? Was Knighted in 1944.
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About Me!

• My name is Sarah and I am 13 years old. I like
  swimming, tennis, and skiing. My favorite foods
  are fast food, dessert, and Italian.

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Bibliography

• ? http//scotlandvacations.com/fleming.htm
• ? The New Book of Knowledge. 2000. Grolier
  Incorporated. Danbury, Connecticut.
• ? The World Book Encyclopedia. 1999. World Book
  Incorporated. Chicago, Illinois.
• ? Comptons Interactive Encyclopedia Deluxe.
• ?http//encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761566021/fle
  ming_sir_alexander.html
• ?http//encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761560164/Pen
  icillin.html
• ? http//www.cellsalive.com/pen.htm
• ? http//nobelprize.org/medicine/laureates/1945/fl
  eming-bio.html