Cognitive Apprenticeship

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Cognitive Apprenticeship

• Mastering knowledge

CLICK TO START
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HOME PAGE

• History and Background
• Redefining Learning
• Methods and Examples
• Exploration

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HISTORY AND BACKGROUND
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Learning Objectives

• Explain the goal of cognitive apprenticeship
• Identify and define key concepts that support
  cognitive apprenticeship

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Once Upon A Time
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And then
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The practice of thinking?
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Traditional Apprenticeships

• Physical
• External
• Easily Observable
• Psychomotor Domain

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Formal Schooling

• Mental
• Internal
• Only observable through explicit evaluation
• Cognitive Domain

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Goal of Cognitive Apprenticeship

• Recover all the benefits of traditional
  apprenticeships, by reconciling formal schooling
  objectives with traditional methodologies.

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In other words

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BUT HOW?
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Constructivism

• Learning is a process of internal negotiation of
  meaning
• Learning occurs best in functional, social, or
  cultural context

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Constructivist Says .

• Knowledge is constructed by learners as they
  attempt to make sense of their experiences.
• - Driscoll

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Situated Learning

• Learning should not be abstract!
• Activity in which you learn is an integral part
  of what you learn

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Foundation for C.A.

• Teach through guided learning
• Make progress and desired outcomes explicitly
  observable
• Situated learning facilitates this idea

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Quick Review

• List some of the concepts that support the
  cognitive apprenticeship theory.
• What is the goal of cognitive apprenticeships?

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Redefining Learning
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Learning Objectives

• Define cognitive apprenticeship
• Identify key differences between traditional and
  cognitive apprenticeships

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COGNITIVE APPRENTICESHIP DEFINED

• A theory outlining methodology for teaching
  complex cognitive tasks through guided learning

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Redefined

• A THEORY
• HOW TO TEACH
• COMPLEX MENTAL TASKS
• GUIDED LEARNING

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Key Differences

• Cognitive
• Mental
• Internal
• Cognitive Domain

• Traditional
• Physical
• External
• Psychomotor Domain

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Key Differences

• CA
• Learning observed explicitly
• External
• Situated

• Formal Schooling
• Learning observed through evaluation
• Internal
• Abstract

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Recall

• How was Cognitive Apprenticeship defined?
• Explain the major difference between traditional
  and cognitive apprenticeship.

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METHODS AND EXAMPLES
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Learning Objectives

• List the methods employed by cognitive
  apprenticeships.
• Offer examples for each method employed during
  cognitive apprenticeships

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The Methods

• Modeling
• Coaching
• Articulation
• Reflection
• Exploration

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Modeling

• Expert sets the example
• E.G. Math teacher works through a problem aloud

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Coaching

• Student practices skill while expert offers
  feedback and advice
• E.G. Student tries math problems while expert
  watches and guides

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Articulation

• Student articulates thought process
• E.G. Math teacher asks student to say what he
  thinks might be the next and step, and why

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Reflection

• Student compares their results to the expert
• E.G. After a student finishes a math problem, the
  teacher works through and shows the correct steps
  and solution

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Exploration

• Students face new problems on their own
• E.G. Assigning real world math problems for
  homework

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Parting Thoughts

• Many schools apply these ideas, just poorly.
• Not enough experts for every apprentice
• Web-based learning

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FINAL REVIEW

• List the 5 methods employed by C.A.
• What real world examples can you think of for
  each method?

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EXPLORATION

• http//www.21learn.org/arch/articles/brown_seely.h
  tml
• http//chd.gse.gmu.edu/immersion/knowledgebase/str
  ategies/constructivism/CognitiveApprenticeship.htm
  
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_apprentices
  hip