Population Health for Health Professionals

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Population Healthfor Health Professionals
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Module 3

• Health Promotion and Individual Behavior Change

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OBJECTIVES

• Health promotion, disease prevention, wellness
• Disease prevention as part of health care
• Prevalence of lifestyle factors, contribution to
  risk of chronic disease
• Behavior change theory, role in changing health
  habits

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Part I

• Health, Health Determinants, and Health
  Promotion

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What is Health?
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Health is a state of complete Physical, Mental,
and Social well-being and not merely the absence
of disease or infirmity. WHO, 1947
The Metaphysical Context of the Universe
Physical
Mental
Social
The Secular Dimensions of Health
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Two Major Aspects ofHealth

• Feeling Well
• Ability to Function

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Determinants of Health

• the complex inter-relationships of
• genetics
• social environment
• physical environment
• behavior
• health/illness services
• that determine the level of health and sense of
  well-being in an individual

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Genetics

• Body Size
• Special Abilities
• Disease Resistance
• Disease Susceptibility
• Genetic Diseases
• General Robustness

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Physical Environment

• Macro-environment
• Food and Water
• Air Pollution
• Micro-environment
• Home
• Workplace

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Social Environment

• Religion
• Race/Gender
• Socioeconomic Status
• Education
• Occupation
• Family Composition

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Socioeconomic Status, Income and Health

• Socioeconomic Status
• As GDP increases, the health of a nation
  increases
• In times of economic hardship, the incidence of
  disease increases

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Health Care

• Quality
• Availability
• Health has improved NOT because of steps taken
  while we are ill, but because we are ill less
  often.

Thomas McKeown, 1978
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Health Promotion

• An intervention that seeks to eliminate or reduce
  exposures to harmful factors by modifying human
  behaviors or any combination of health education
  and related organizational, political and
  economic interventions designed to facilitate
  behavioral and environmental adaptations that
  will improve or protect health
• Concerned specifically with sociobehavorial
  processes.

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Targets of Health Promotion

• Individuals at risk of a health problem
• Those who influence individuals at risk
• Those who set policy
• Foster the adoption of healthful changes in the
  environment
• Improve health services
• Encourage healthful personal behavior change

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Health Promotion Objectives

• Individual
• Knowledge
• Attitudes
• Behaviors
• Physiology
• Organization
• Policies
• Practices
• Programs
• Facilities
• Resources

• Community
• Policies
• Practices
• Programs
• Facilities
• Resources
• Government
• Policies/Programs
• Facilities/Resources
• Legislation/Ordinances
• Regulation/Enforcement

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Examples of HEALTHY PEOPLE 2000 Priority Areas

• Health Promotion
• Physical Activity and Nutrition
• Tobacco
• Alcohol Consumption
• Preventive Services
• Heart Disease and Stroke
• Cancer
• Health Screenings

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Healthy People 2010

• 2 Broad Goals
• Increase quality and years of healthy life
• Eliminate health disparities
• 4 Primary Objectives
• Promote healthy behaviors
• Promote healthy and safe communities
• Improve systems for personal and public health
• Prevent and reduce diseases and disorders

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Disease Prevention

• any intervention that seeks to reduce or
  eliminate diagnosable conditions it may be
  applied at the individual level, as in
  immunization, or the community level, as in
  chlorination of the water supply

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Primary Prevention

• Measures taken to prevent the disease from
  occurring such as
• healthy lifestyle habits
• Immunizations

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Secondary Prevention

• Measures undertaken to facilitate early detection
• Screenings
• Diagnostic tests

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Tertiary Prevention

• Measures to minimize complications or
  exacerbation of injury or disease.
• Rehabilitation Therapy
• Patient counseling

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Discussion Time

• Identify all three levels of prevention as they
  apply to a health problem or threat to health
  such as injury or vaccine preventable disease
• Be sure to include consideration of all of the
  determinants of health!

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Summary of Part I

• There are various definitions of health
• A number of factors determine our health,
  including genetics, physical factors, social
  factors, healthcare and lifestyle factors.
• Health promotion and disease prevention are
  related to identifying strategies to prevent
  disease and injury.

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Module Authors

• Diane B. Wilson EdD, RD
• Associate Professor
• Mary S. McLellan MS, RD
• Research Associate
• Medical University of South Carolina