Revolution and Civil War in Russia

1
Revolution and Civil Warin Russia

• Chapter 14
• Section 5

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March Revolution Ends Czarism
3
The Czar Steps Down

• By March 1917, disasters on the battlefield,
  combined with food and fuel shortages at home,
  led to the collapse of the monarchy.
• In St. Petersburg, workers went on strike while
  marchers roamed the streets shouting, Bread,
  bread!
• Duma politicians set up a provisional, or
  temporary government
• Outside of the provisional government,
  revolutionary socialists set up soviets, or
  councils of workers and soldiers. Before long,
  the Bolsheviks, a radical socialist group, took
  charge.
• Leader of the Bolsheviks was a revolutionary
  leader named Vladimir Lenin.
• The Bolsheviks tried to ignite revolution amongst
  the proletariat, or the growing class of factory,
  railroad, and urban wage earners.

4
Russian Workers (Proletariats)
5
The November Revolution Brings theBolsheviks to
Power
6
The Fall of the Provisional Government

• Lenin and the Bolsheviks promised Peace, Land,
  and Bread.
• November 1917, the conditions were ripe for a
  Bolshevik takeover as the Red Guards, a band of
  armed factory workers and mutinous sailors joined
  to attack the Provisional Government.
• In a matter of days the Bolsheviks took over-
  making Moscow the Bolshevik capital and the
  Kremlin their headquarters.
• A new red flag with an entwined hammer and sickle
  symbolized the union between workers and
  peasants.
• For 3 years, civil war raged on between the Reds
  or the Communists and the Whites or the czarist
  imperial officers.
• The Allies intervened in the civil war, backing
  the Whites, but had little to do with the
  outcome.
• Allied intervention failed, and created even more
  distrust between the Communists and the West.

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Soviet Flag

• The hammer and sickle -gt
• lt- Star represents
• communist party

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Moscow
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The Kremlin
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War Under Communism

• The Communists used terror not only against the
  Whites, but their own people. They organized the
  Cheka, a secret police much like the czar had.
• The Cheka executed ordinary citizens, even if
  they were only suspected of taking action against
  the revolution.
• Communists adopted policy of war communism
  where they took over banks, mines, factories, and
  railroads.
• The Communists also used former czarists officers
  under the close watch of commissars, Communist
  party officials assigned to the army teach party
  principles and ensure party loyalty.
• They were led by another Communist party leader
  Leon Trotsky.
• By 1922, Lenin Communist government united much
  of old Russia into the U.S.S.R. or Union of
  Soviet Socialist Republics.

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Joseph Stalin
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Months before Lenins Death Who will be new
leader?

• Leon Trotsky

• Joseph Stalin

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Friends or Enemies??
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Economic Policy

• 1921, Lenin adopted the New Economic Policy, or
  NEP. It allowed some capitalist ventures. Even
  though the government controlled all aspects of
  business, some peasants held on to small plots of
  land and freely sold their surpluses.
• Lenins NEP was just a temporary retreat from
  communism, his successor would soon return the
  Soviet Union to pure communism
• Lenin died in 1924, leading to a struggle between
  Trotsky and Joseph Stalin for power.
• Stalin eventually took control over the Soviet
  Union while Trotsky fled in 1929.
• In 1940, a Stalinist agent murdered Trotsky in
  Mexico. Stalin became known for his ruthless
  measures to win dictatorship power.

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Lenins Tomb in Red Square- Moscow
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Lenin Embalmed
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