Advanced Automatic Crash Notification using GSM Technology.

1
Project Overview of
Zigbee based Mapping and Position Tracking
By -
G.Srikanth N.Sri Naga Nikhil M.Sandeep
Kumar G.Mahesh
Under the guidance of Miss V.Veena
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INDEX

• INTRODUCTION
• BLOCK DIAGRAM
• ARM CONTROLLER
• LPC 2148
• ZIGBEE MODULE
• RFID MODULE
• LCD INTERFACING

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INTRODUCTION

• Aim To identify person details and information
  transfer using zigbee technology
• Consists of three sections
• Server,
• Department-1 and
• Department-2.

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BLOCK DIAGRAM
5
SERVER
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DEPARTMENT 1 2
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ARM (Advanced RISC Machine)

• RISC FEATURES
• Reduced instructions
• Pipelining
• Load store architecture
• Registers

Reduced instructions

• Utilizes a small, highly-optimized set of
  instructions.

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Pipeline organization

• 3-stage pipeline Fetch Decode - Execute
• Three-cycle latency, one instruction per cycle
  throughput

instruction
i
Fetch
Decode
Execute
Fetch
Decode
Execute
i1
Fetch
Decode
Execute
i2
t
t1
t2
t3
t4
cycle
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Load store architecture

• Does not support memory to memory data processing
• Must move to registers before using them.
• Process becomes much faster due to register
  access to process data.

Registers

• Large general purpose register set.
• Contains either data or address.

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• ARM FEATURES
• Low power consumption
• High code density
• Hardware debugging technology
• Reduced area of die.
• Low cost memory device.

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LPC2148
LPC 2148 microcontrollers are based on a
32/16-bit ARM7TDMI-S processor.
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(No Transcript)
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ARM 7TDMI-S

• ARM Acron Risc Machine (Now Advanced Risc
  Machine)
• T The Thumb 16 bit instruction set.
• D On chip Debug support.
• M Enhanced Multiplier
• I Embedded ICE hardware to give break point and
  watch point support.
• S- Synthesizable

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ARM7 Operational Modes
User USR Normal application execution environment
Fast Interrupt FIQ Response-time critical interrupt
Interrupt IRQ General purpose interrupt
Supervisor SVC Protected mode for operating system
Abort ABT Virtual memory protection management
Undefined UND Undefined Instruction (reserved for coprocessor)
System SYS Privileged user mode for operating system
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ARM REGISTERS
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ARM7 CPSR Format
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ZIGBEE MODULE

• Created by Zigbee alliance based on IEEE 802.15.4
  standard.
• Designed for control and automation.
• Allows wireless two way communication
• Low cost, low power consuming technology for
  WPANs.

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SPECIFICATIONS

• Typical range 50m
• Data rates of 250 kbps (_at_2.4 GHz), 40 kbps (_at_ 915
  MHz), and 20 kbps (_at_868 MHz).
• Fully hand-shaking protocol.
• Multiple topologies
• Addressing space of up to 65,535 networks

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TOPOLOGY
STAR TOPOLOGY
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PEER TO PEER TOPOLOGY
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CLUSTER TREE TOPOLOGY
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ARCHITECTURE
Application
Customer
API
Security 32- / 64- / 128-bit encryption
Network Star / Mesh / Cluster-Tree
ZigBee Alliance
MAC
IEEE 802.15.4
PHY 868MHz / 915MHz / 2.4GHz
Silicon
Stack
App
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TYPES OF ANTENNAS
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KEY BENEFITS

• Ultra-low power consumption
• MAC sub layer specifies four security services
• maintains a list of trusted devices.
• Data encryption.
• Frame integrity.
• sequential freshness.

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APPLICATIONS

• Industrial and Commercial
• Monitors
• Movement Sensors
• Automation
• Personal Healthcare
• Patient monitors
• Remote Diagnosis
• Data loggers
• Building Automation
• Security
• Lighting
• Fire and Safety systems
• Automotive
• Service controls
• Inventory tracking

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RFID MODULE

• RFID MODULE convert radio waves returned from the
  RFID tag into a form that can be passed on to
  Controllers.
• RFID read range of this module will vary from
  approx10mm to 30mm
• This Firmware has the following Functions
• Read Tag-ID
• Send Tag-ID in ASCII Format through the
  Serial Interface

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• To enable wireless identification, the RF
  subsystem consists of two components
• RFID tags which are small electronic devices
  that are affixed to objects or embedded in them.
• RFID readers, which are devices that wirelessly
  communicate with tags to identify the item
  connected to each tag.

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TAG CHARACTERISTICS

• Major characteristics of tags include
•  Identifier format,
• Power source
• Passive
• Active
• Operating frequencies,

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TAG READER COMMUNICATION

• Tag-reader communication is achieved by using a
  common communications protocol between the tag
  and the reader.
• Communication Initiation
• Tags and readers can initiate RF transactions in
  two general ways
• Reader Talks First (RTF).
• Tag Talks First (TTF).

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LCD INTERFACING
D0 D1 D2 D4 D4 D5 D6 D7
P0.16 P0.17 P0.18 P0.19 P0.20 P0.21 P0.22 P.023
HELLO WORLD
VCC VSS VBE
DATA PINS
RS R / W EN
LPC 2148
P0.4 P0.5 P0.6
CONTROL PINS
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THANK YOU