Animal Nutrition I (Ch. 41)

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Animal Nutrition I (Ch. 41)
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Keywords

• Heterotroph
• Autotroph
• Herbivore
• Carnivore
• Omnivore
• Intracellular digestion
• Food vacuole
• Extracellular digestion

• Gastrovascular cavity
• Alimentary canal
• Basic parts of alimentary canal
• Roles of mouth and stomach in digestion

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Some of the best known and fascinating
adaptations of animals involve their feeding and
digestion
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Examples

• Reptile swallowing prey
• Baleen whales

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Python
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Starfish
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Chiasmodon niger
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Cryptopsaras couesi
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Eurypharynx pelecanoides
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Categories

• I. Autotroph
• II. Heterotroph
• A. Herbivore
• B. Carnivore
• C. Omnivore

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Today well focus on heterotrophsDigestion

• Basic principles
• Invertebrates
• Humans

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Why is digestion necessary?

• Macromolecules cannot easily enter cell

NH3
cytoplasm
COO-
peptide
Cell membrane
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Small molecules such as amino acids can
cytoplasm
Peptide being digested
Cell membrane
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cytoplasm
Peptide being digested
Cell membrane
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cytoplasm
Peptide being digested
Cell membrane
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cytoplasm
Peptide being digested
Cell membrane
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cytoplasm
Digested peptide
Cell membrane
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Even if macromolecules are taken in
NH3
cytoplasm
COO-
peptide
Cell membrane
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Even if macromolecules are taken in
cytoplasm
NH3
COO-
peptide
Cell membrane
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They cannot be readily incorporated
cytoplasm
NH3
COO-
Food peptide
New peptide
Cell membrane
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Unless broken down first
cytoplasm
Food peptide
New peptide
Cell membrane
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Unless broken down first
cytoplasm
Food peptide
New peptide
Cell membrane
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Unless broken down first
cytoplasm
Food peptide
New peptide
Cell membrane
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This lecture will focus on how animals break down
food

• I. Intracellular digestion
• A. food vacuoles
• II. Extracellular digestion
• A. outside organism
• B. gastrovascular cavity
• C. alimentary canal

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I. Intracellular digestion

• A. food vacuoles

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Intracellular digestion without vacuoles
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Intracellular digestion without vacuoles
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Intracellular digestion with vacuoles
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Intracellular digestion with vacuoles
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Intracellular digestion with vacuoles
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Digestion in Paramecium
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Intracellular digestionvs.Extracellular
digestion
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Extracellular digestion

• A. outside organism
• B. gastrovascular cavities
• C. alimentary canal

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Extracellular digestion

• A. outside organism
• B. gastrovascular cavities
• C. alimentary canal

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Gastrovascular cavity Hydra
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Extracellular digestion

• A. outside organism
• B. gastrovascular cavities
• C. alimentary canal

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Gastrovascular cavity vs. Alimentary Canal
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Alimentary canal a simple view
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Basic parts of alimentary canal
Mechanical digestion
storage
absorption
mouth
anus
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Alimentary canal mammalian
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Mouth

• Mechanical
• enzymatic

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Stomach
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Digestive mechanisms in stomach

• Mechanical
• Chemical
• enzymatic