Organization of the Upper Limb

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Organization of theUpper Limb

• Robert S. Staron, Ph.D.
• Summer Anatomy Immersion

2
Grants Atlas of Anatomy 8th ed
Grays Anatomy 37th ed
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Grants Atlas of Anatomy 8th ed
Grants Atlas 8th ed
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Antr division flexor comp. Postr division
ext comp.
Netters Atlas of Human Embryology 2002
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Grants Dissector 13th ed
Muscle Compartments of the Upper Limb
(including a portion of the brachialis m.)
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Origin of Limb
Muscles

• Dorsal muscle mass forms extensors and supinators
  in upper limb, extensors and abductors in lower
  limb.
• Ventral muscle mass forms flexors and pronators
  in upper limb and flexors and adductors in lower
  limb.
• Morphogenesis guided by CT, not myoblasts
• Split into individual muscles, cell death involved

Carlson l999
Human Embryology Larsen 1993
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Hollinsheads Textbook of Anatomy 5th ed
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Grants Dissector 13th ed
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21.
Rohen/Yokochi Color Atlas of Anatomy 2nd ed
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Brachial Plexus
Netters Atlas 2nd ed
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hand forearm arm shoulder
distal proximal
Grants Atlas of Anatomy 8th ed
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Extrinsic shoulder mm.
Intrinsic shoulder mm.

• trapezius m.
• latissimus dorsi m.
• levator scapulae m.
• rhomboideus major m.
• rhomboideus minor m.
• serratus anterior m.

• infraspinatus m.
• supraspinatus m.
• subscapularis m.
• teres minor m.
• teres major m.
• deltoid m.

Anterior thorax mm.
1) pectoralis major and minor mm.
2) subclavius m.
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Extrinsic shoulder mm.

• trapezius m. (spinal accessory n. - CN XI C3
  C4)
• latissimus dorsi m. (thoracodorsal n. - C6, C7,
  C8)
• levator scapulae m. (C3 C4 dorsal scapular n.
  - C5)
• rhomboideus major m. (dorsal scapular n. - C5)
• rhomboideus minor m. (dorsal scapular n. - C5)
• serratus anterior m. (long thoracic n. - C5, C6,
  C7)

Anterior thorax mm.
1) pectoralis major ( C5-T1) minor (C6-C8) mm.
med/lat pect nn.
2) subclavius m. (n. to subclavius m. - C5, C6)
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Grants Atlas 8th ed
Grants Atlas of Anatomy 8th ed
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Netters Atlas of Human Anatomy 2nd ed
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Netters Atlas 2nd ed
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Intrinsic shoulder mm.

• infraspinatus m. (suprascapular n. - C5, C6)
• supraspinatus m. (suprascapular n. - C5, C6)
• subscapularis m. (upper lower subscapular nn. -
  C5, C6)
• teres minor m. (axillary n. - C5, C6)
• teres major m. (lower subscapular n. - C5, C6)
• deltoid m. (axillary n. - C5, C6)

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Grants Atlas 8th ed
Grants Atlas of Anatomy 8th ed
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Netters Atlas of Human Anatomy 2nd ed
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rotator cuff musculature
Netters Atlas 2nd ed
21
Grants Dissector 13th ed
Muscle Compartments of the Upper Limb - arm
(including a portion of the brachialis m.)
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Grants Dissector 13th ed
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brachium
antr compartment
postr compartment

• biceps brachii m.
• long head
• short head
• brachialis m.
• coracobrachialis m.

• triceps brachii m.
• lateral head
• medial head
• long head
• anconeus m.

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musculocutaneous n. (C5-C7)
biceps brachii m. (C5, C6) brachialis m. (C5,
C6) coracobrachialis m. (C5-C7)
Netters Atlas of Human Anatomy 2nd ed
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axillary n. (C5-C6)
deltoid m. (C5, C6)
teres minor m. (C5, C6)
radial n. (C5-T1)
triceps brachii m. (C6-C8)
anconeus m. (C7, C8) (brachialis m. C5, C6)
Netters Atlas of Human Anatomy 2nd ed
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Grants Dissector 13th ed
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Grants Dissector 13th ed
Muscle Compartments of the Upper Limb - forearm
(including a portion of the brachialis m.)
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Grants Dissector 13th ed
Muscle Compartments of the Upper Limb - forearm
(including a portion of the brachialis m.)
(FCU ulnar ½ FDP)
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Grants Dissector 13th ed
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antebrachium
antr compartment
postr compartment

• pronator teres m.
• flex. carpi radialis m.
• palmaris longus m.
• flex. carpi ulnaris m.
• flex. digit. superf. m.
• flex. digit. profund. m.
• flex. pollicis longus m.
• pronator quadratus m.

• brachioradialis m.
• ext. carpi radialis longus m.
• ext. carpi radialis brevis m.
• ext. carpi ulnaris m.
• extensor digitorum m.
• extensor digiti minimi m.
• extensor indicis m.
• abd pollicis longus m.
• ext. pollicis longus/brevis m.
• supinator m.

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antebrachium
antr compartment (median ulnar nn.)

• pronator teres m. (C6, C7)
• flex. carpi radialis m. (C6, C7)
• palmaris longus m. (C7, C8)
• flex. carpi ulnaris m. (C7, C8)
• flex. digit. superf. m. (C7, C8, T1)
• flex. digit. profund. m. (C7, C8, T1)
• flex. pollicis longus m. (C8, T1)
• pronator quadratus m. (C8, T1)

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antebrachium
antr compartment (median ulnar nn.)

• pronator teres m. (C6, C7)
• flex. carpi radialis m. (C6, C7)
• palmaris longus m. (C7, C8)
• flex. carpi ulnaris m. (C7, C8)
• flex. digit. superf. m. (C7, C8, T1)
• flex. digit. profund. m. (C7, C8, T1)
• flex. pollicis longus m. (C8, T1)
• pronator quadratus m. (C8, T1)

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ulnar n. (C7-T1)
flex carpi ulnaris m. medial ½ FDP 14
intrinsic hand
muscles
Netters Atlas of Human Anatomy 2nd ed
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median n. (C5-T1)
PT, FCR, PL, FDS, lat ½ FDP, FPL, PQ 5
intrinsic hand
muscles
Netters Atlas of Human Anatomy 2nd ed
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antebrachium
postr compartment (radial n. C5-T1)

• brachioradialis m. (C5, C6)
• ext. carpi radialis longus m. (C6, C7)
• ext. carpi radialis brevis m. (C6, C7 or C7, C8)
• ext. carpi ulnaris m. (C7, C8)
• extensor digitorum m. (C7, C8)
• extensor digiti minimi m. (C7, C8)
• extensor indicis m. (C7, C8)
• abd pollicis longus m. (C7, C8)
• ext. pollicis longus/brevis m. (C7, C8)
• supinator m. (C5, C6)

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radial n. (C5-T1)
triceps brachii m., anconeus m. (brachialis
m.) BR, ECRL, ECRB, ED, EDM, supinator, ECU, EI,
AbdPL, EPL, EPB
Netters Atlas of Human Anatomy 2nd ed
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Grants Atlas of Anatomy 11th ed
38
Grants Dissector 13th ed
Muscle Compartments of the Upper Limb - hand
(including a portion of the brachialis m.)
(FCU ulnar ½ FDP)
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Grants Dissector 13th ed
Muscle Compartments of the Upper Limb - hand
(including a portion of the brachialis m.)
(FCU ulnar ½ FDP)
(thenar mm. 1st, 2nd lumbricals)
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intrinsic hand muscles (C8, T1)

• 7 interosseii mm. (4 dorsal/3 palmar)
• 4 lumbrical mm. (1, 2, 3, 4)
• palmaris brevis m.
• adductor pollicis m.
• three thenar mm. (OP, abd.PB, FPB)
• three hypothenar mm. (ODM, abd.DM, FDMB)

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intrinsic hand muscles (median ulnar nn.)

• 7 interosseii mm. (4 dorsal/3 palmar)
• 4 lumbrical mm. (1, 2, 3, 4)
• palmaris brevis m.
• adductor pollicis m.
• three thenar mm. (OP, abd.PB, FPB)
• three hypothenar mm. (ODM, abd.DM, FDMB)

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upper limb - cutaneous innervation
Netters Atlas of Human Anatomy 2nd ed
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upper limb dermatome pattern
Netters Atlas of Human Anatomy 2nd ed