Anatomy

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• Anatomy Embryology Department

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The Upper Limb

• Dr Maha M, Abdul Rahman

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Bones of the Upper Limb
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Axial vs. Appendicular Skeleton

• Axial Skeleton
• Skull Cranium Facial bones
• Vertebrae
• Ribs
• Sternum
• Appendicular Skeleton
• Bones of upper/lower limbs
• Limb Girdles

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Bones of Upper Limb

• Appendicular Skeleton
• Pectoral Girdle scapula,clavicle
• Great mobility
• attachment of clavicle
• glenoid cavity
• Upperlimb
• Arm humerus
• Forearm radius, ulna
• Interosseus membrane
• Hand carpals, metacarpals, phalanges

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Pectoral Girdle
clavicle
scapula
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Clavicle
sternal end
acromial end
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Inf. Surface of the Clavicle
Costo-clavicular Lig
Trabezoid line
sternal end
acromial end
Groove for subclavius muscle
Conoid tubercle.
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Joints of the Clavicle
Sterno- clavicular J.
Acromio-clavicular J.
Costo-clavicular J.
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Joints of the Clavicle
Sterno- clavicular J. Plain Synovial
Acromio-clavicular J. Plain Synovial
Costo-clavicular J. Fibrous J.
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Sterno- clavicular J.
Between shallow articular surface of the sternum
the head of the clavicle.
Notice the relation between the med. End of the
clavicle the first rib
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The supporting structures of the
sterno-clavicular J.

• the capsule
• the interclavicular ligament,
• the costoclavicular ligament.

• the intra-articular disc
• the anterior posterior
  sternoclavicular ligaments,

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Acromioclavicular joint
Acromion
Lat. end of the Clavicle
Coracoid process
Acromio-clavicular joint
Glenoid Cavity
Coraco-clavicular lig.
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Acromioclavicular joint.

• The acromioclavicular J.
• is supported by
• the capsule,
• acromioclavicular lig
• the coracoclavicular lig.

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Plain x-ray
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Remember Forces from the upper limb are
transmitted by the clavicle to the axial skeleton
through its ligaments, neither end of the
clavicle normally transmits much force
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Peculiarities of the Clavicle

• 1- The only long bone that lies horizontally.
• 2- It is subcutaneous throughout.
• 3- It is the first bone to ossify.
• 4- The only long bone which ossifies in membrane.
• 5- The only long bone which ossifies from 2
  primary centers.
• 6- It has no medullary cavity.
• 7- It is occasionally pierced by the middle
  supraclavicular nerve.

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Anterior Scapula
acromion process
coracoid process
glenoid cavity
superior angle
subscapular fossa
inferior angle
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Posterior Scapula
acromion process
supraspinous fossa
spine
infraspinous fossa
lateral border
medial border
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Labrum
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Humerus
head
neck
olecranon fossa
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Anterior Humerus
lesser tubercle
medial epicondyle
deltoid tuberosity
trochlea
intertubercular groove
coronoid fossa
greater tubercle
capitulum
lateral epicondyle
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The shoulder complex

• The shoulder complex consists of the
• humerus,
• clavicle, and
• scapula
• and includes the
• sternoclavicular,
• acromioclavicular,
• glenohumeral, and

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Ulna
trochlear notch
coronoid process
head
radial notch
styloid process
olecranon process
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Radius
radial tuberosity
head
styloid process
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Elbow (post)
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Manus (Hand)
Proximal Phalanx
Middle Phalanx
Carpals (8)
Distal Phalanx
54321
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1
pollex
Proximal Phalanx
Distal Phalanx
Digits (5)
Metacarpals (5)
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Bones of the Wrist
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Ball Socket joints