Title: 26. WUTHERING HEIGHTS
1Wuthering Heights
Emily Brontë
Top Withens, possible inspiration for the
Earnshaw family house.
2Emily Brontë
1. Key events
Part One First generation
- The foundling Heathcliff is brought to Wuthering
Heights by Mr Earnshaw. - Oppression and exploitation of Heathcliff by
Hindley, Mr Earnshaws son. - Catherine Earnshaw and Heathcliff become twin
souls.
The bill for the 1992 film version
3Emily Brontë
1. Key events
Part One First generation
- Catherine Earnshaws transformation from savage
to proper lady during her stay at Thrushcross
Grange. - Catherines betrayal of her soul mate
Heathcliff. - Heathcliffs departure (splitting of the oak).
- Catherines marriage to Edgar Linton.
The bill for the 1992 film version
4Emily Brontë
1. Key events
Part One First generation
- Heathcliffs return as a gentleman intent on
revenge. - Catherines attempts to have both Heathcliff and
Edgar. - Heathcliffs elopement with Isabelle Linton
- Catherines derangement and illness.
Top Withens
5Emily Brontë
1. Key events
Part One First generation
- Birth of Cathy II, Catherines and Edgars
daughter. - Catherines death and Heathcliffs despair.
Top Withens
6Emily Brontë
1. Key events
Part Two Second generation
- Heathcliffs revenge property, gained by
marriage to Isabella Linton and expropriation. - Kidnapping of Cathy II and marriage with young
Linton (Heathcliffs and Isabellas son). - Heathcliff loses interest in revenge.
Near Top Withens
7Emily Brontë
1. Key events
Part Two Second generation
- Heathcliff and Catherine together in death.
- Marriage of Cathy II and Hareton (Hindleys son)
property restored to rightful owner.
Near Top Withens
8Emily Brontë
2. Main characters
Catherine
- Wayward, difficult, rebellious, spirited
unfeminine. - her spirits were always at high water-mark, her
tongue always going... A wild, wick slip she was
but she had the bonniest eye, and sweetest smile
and lightest foot in the parish (Part I, Ch. V) - heaven did not seem to be my home (Part I, Ch.
IX)
Charlotte Riley as Catherine and Tom Hardy as
Heathcliff in Coky Giedroycs 2009 film version
9Emily Brontë
2. Main characters
Heathcliff
- Persistent ambiguity man or beast?
- Unknown origins, absence of social connection.
- Absence of emotion, insensible.
Timothy Dalton in Robert Fuests 1970 film version
10Emily Brontë
2. Main characters
Heathcliff
- Deteriorates into brute state.
- Violent and extreme language.
- A Byronic hero.
Timothy Dalton in Robert Fuests 1970 film version
11Emily Brontë
2. Main characters
Heathcliff / Catherine relationship
- Vindictive, violent and possessive
- They may bury me twelve feet deep and throw the
church down over me but I wont rest till you
are with me I never will! (Part I, Ch. XII) - Merged identities
- If all else perished and he remained, I should
still continue to be and, if all else remained,
and he were annihilated, the Universe would turn
to a mighty stranger Nelly, I am Heathcliff!
(Part I, Ch. IX) -
12Emily Brontë
2. Main characters
Heathcliff / Catherine relationship
- Vitality, authenticity, freedom.
- Rejection of class values.
- Heathcliff and Catherine symbolise the
instinctual, unconscious forces. - Contrasted with civilised characters Edgar,
Lockwood, Nelly Dean.
Heathcliff and Catherine in the 1939 film version
of Wuthering Heights.
13Emily Brontë
3. Gothic elements
- Heathcliff as a Gothic villain in his inhuman
treatment of his wife and his son. - The sinister atmosphere of Wuthering Heights
surrounded by the wilderness. - Catherines ghost.
14Emily Brontë
3. Gothic elements
- The dreams and superstitions often mentioned.
These are not used to frighten the reader, but to
convey the struggle between the two opposed
principles of love and hate, of order and chaos.
15Emily Brontë
4. The Moors as symbol
The Moors represent the Romantic rejection of
society and the desire to transcend its rules
Attempt to escape
English Moors
English Moors
16Emily Brontë
4. The Moors as symbol
Catherine tries to reconcile self class society
through her marriage to Edgar and her
relationship with Heathcliff
Escape is impossible
English Moors
English Moors
17Emily Brontë
4. Opposite principles
Thrushcross Grange
Wuthering Heights
- The home of the Earnshaws.
- Severe, gloomy, brutal in aspect and atmosphere.
- Firmly rooted in local tradition and custom.
- The background for the life of primitive passion
led by its owner.
- The home of the Lintons.
- Reflects a Victorian conception of life.
- Symbolises stability, kindness and respectability.
principle of calm
principle of storm and energy
18Emily Brontë
5. Narrative structure
Non-linear narrative structure
Use of flashback
Beginning in medias res
Two frame narrators
Elicits curiosity in the reader
Invites comparison between the two stories
Implies an active reader
Brontë Parsonage in Haworth, where the Brontë
family lived
19Emily Brontë
6. Narrative point of view
- Two frame narrators Lockwood (as external
narrator) and Nelly Dean (as internal narrator). - Chinese box structure stories within stories.
- .
Lockwoods dream in an etching by Rosalind Whitman
20Emily Brontë
6. Narrative point of view
Nelly Deans perspective
- Conventional ? based on morality, religion and
superstition. - She thinks Cathy is wayward, ill-tempered.
- I vexed her frequently by trying to bring down
her arrogance (Part I, Ch. VIII). - She was too much fond of Heathcliff (Part I Ch.
V).
21Emily Brontë
6. Narrative point of view
Lockwoods perspective
- The voice of conventional society.
- An unreliable narrator because he does not know
all the details of the story.
22Emily Brontë
6. Narrative point of view
Implications of the multiple narrators
- Strangeness and otherness preserved.
- Multiple interpretations no single truth.
- Unique Interpretation becomes impossible ?
modern aspect of the novel.