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Pollination and Dispersal

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Pollination and Dispersal Form and Function Thistle Small, dry fruits have long feathery threads extending from them. Bedstraw Fruits are small, sticky, with small barbs. – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Pollination and Dispersal


1
Pollination and Dispersal
  • Form and Function

2
Pollination
  • Pollination is how gymnosperms (cone-bearing seed
    plants) and angiosperms (flowering plants) carry
    out sexual reproduction.
  • Pollen carries the male sex cells from one plant
    to the next, allowing plants to cross with other
    plants far away.
  • A vector is a means of moving pollen from plant
    to plant. Vectors may be wind or animals.

3
Wind Pollination
  • All gymnosperms are wind-pollinated.
  • Flowering plants that are wind-pollinated have
    flowers that lack showy petals.
  • Anthers and stigma are often long and sticky or
    feathery.

4
Bee Pollination
  • Honeybees seek nectar and pollen.
  • Bees can see ultraviolet, and home in on flowers
    that are blue, purple, or have UV markings. They
    have well-developed sense of smell.
  • Bees prefer flat platform-shaped flowers or
    large, open tubes.

5
Hummingbird Pollination
  • Hummingbirds seek nectar - LOTS of nectar.
  • Hummingbirds dont have a good sense of smell.
    They see orange and red the best.
  • Hummingbirds sip from pendulous tube-shaped
    flowers that other nectar-feeders cant access.

6
Butterfly Pollination
  • Butterflies seek nectar.
  • Butterflies are attracted to platform-shaped
    flowers or clusters of very small, upright,
    tubular flowers.
  • Butterflies have a keen sense of smell, and can
    see orange, yellow, blues, and purples.

7
Moth Pollination
  • Moths seek nectar.
  • Moths have a well-developed sense of smell.
  • Moths are attracted to highly-scented, tubular,
    bright white flowers.

8
Who is the Pollinator?
9
Scarlet Gilia
Unscented, nectar-rich
10
Moonflower
Evening-blooming, highly scented
11
Aster
Nectar and pollen rich
12
Ceanothus
Pollen rich
13
Nicotiana
Evening-blooming, highly scented
14
Fuchsia
Unscented, nectar-rich
15
Borage
Good pollen and nectar source
16
Echniacea
Abundant pollen, good nectar source
17
Asclepias
Good source of nectar and pollen
18
Foxglove
Good nectar and pollen source
19
Yucca
Scented, nectar-rich
20
Buddleia
Highly-scented, nectar rich
21
Agastache
Nectar-rich
22
Liatris
Good source of nectar and pollen
23
Rudbeckia
Abundant pollen, good nectar source
24
Observe these two gardens. What have they been
planted to attract?
W O R K T O G E T H E R
25
Fruit Dispersal
26
Dispersal
  • Once a fruit and seeds have formed, its
    essential for the seed to be moved away from the
    parent plant to avoid competition.
  • As with pollination, seed dispersal involves many
    different vectors.
  • Adaptations that we see on fruits and seeds helps
    tell us what the dispersal vector is.

27
Ballistic dispersal
  • Some plants disperse their seeds themselves.
  • Explosive dry fruits that shatter on contact or
    when shaken throw seeds far from the parent
    plant. Some fruits use build up hydraulic
    pressure until they burst.

28
Wind dispersal
  • Lightweight dry fruits with wings, parachutes,
    and similar wind-catching structures can be blown
    away from the parent plant.

29
Water dispersal
  • Hollow, water-resistant fruits can be dispersed
    long distances by moving water.

30
Animal dispersal
  • Two types of fruits are animal dispersed
  • Fruits that can cling to fur.
  • Edible fruits whose seeds can go through a
    digestive system, or may get discarded when the
    animal eats.

31
How is it dispersed?
32
Mangrove
Hollow, floating fruits. This tree grows in salt
water swamps.
33
Cherry
Fleshy, sweet-tasting fruit with a hard pit.
34
Thistle
Small, dry fruits have long feathery threads
extending from them.
35
Bedstraw
Fruits are small, sticky, with small barbs.
36
Squirting Cucumber
Pressure builds inside of the fruit until it
finally pops off of the stem. Juices with
slippery seeds squirt out.
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