Bible overview

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Bible overview
Part 2 - The New Testament Matt Pritchard
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The main Old Testament characters
Adam Noah Abraham Isaac Jacob Joseph Moses Jos
hua Samuel
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Time line
We are here
4000BC
3000BC
2000BC
1000BC
0AD
1000AD
2000AD
??
Kings
Exile
Exodus judges
Nehemiah
Samuel
The Old Testament closes with the prophet Malachi
looking ahead to the coming Messiah
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A new covenant is promised
"This is the covenant I will make with the house
of Israel after that time," declares the
LORD.  "I will put my law in their minds and
write it on their hearts. I will be their God,
and they will be my people. No longer will a man
teach his neighbor, or a man his brother, saying,
'Know the LORD,' because they will all know me,
from the least of them to the greatest," declares
the LORD. "For I will forgive their wickedness
and will remember their sins no more." Jeremiah
3133-34
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Inter-Testament times
Romans
Greeks
Persians
Babylonians
Assyrians
Old Testament
New Testament
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Jesus
Old Testament points towards
New Testament reflects back on
The time has come," he said. "The kingdom of God 
is near. Repent and believe the good news! Mark
1v15
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New Testament
History
Letters (Epistles)
Apocalypse
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The Gospels
Matthew Mark Luke John Acts

• Good news
• Documents of faith
• Historical account

Jesus born
John Baptist
Resurrection
Matthew Jewish audience. Quotes OT. Jesus is
Messiah. Emphasis on Jesus teaching.
Mark Roman mindset. Jesus is the perfect
servant. Emphasis on action rather than
teaching.
Luke Greek mindset. Jesus is the perfect man.
Emphasis on the grace of God. Healings.
John Broad audience. Jesus is the Son of
God. More reflective than the other 3
gospels.
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Dating the Gospels
Two source hypothesis
Matthew
Mark
Luke
John
Time
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Map of Jesus life
Capernaum
Sea of Galilee
Nazareth
65 miles
River Jordan
Jerusalem
Bethlehem
Dead sea
GoogleMaps
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Jesus life
Nativity Baptism 40 days in the
wilderness Calling of the disciples Teaching and
Healing ministry Teaching about his death Palm
Sunday Passover meal Arrest and
trial Crucifixion Resurrection Ascension
For God so loved the world that he gave his one
and only Son, that whoever believes in him shall
not perish but have eternal life. John 316
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Jesus prophesied in the OT
You study the Scriptures diligently because you
think that in them you have eternal life. These
are the very Scriptures that testify about
me, yet you refuse to come to me to have
life. John 539-40
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Jesus prophesied in the OT (1)

• The Messiah will be born in Bethlehem Micah
  52-5a
• He will be King Isaiah 96-7 Daniel 713-14
  Zechariah 99
• He will be a descendent of David 2 Samuel
  712-16 Psalm 13211
• Jeremiah 235-6 Jeremiah 3315 Isaiah 111
  Numbers 2417
• He will be born of a virgin Isaiah 714
• He will be a priest Zechariah 611-13 Psalm
  1104
• He will be Lord Psalm 1101
• He will be God Isaiah 96 Jeremiah 236
• He will bring salvation Isaiah 496 Zechariah
  99
• He will atone for sins Isaiah 534-12
• He will heal the sick/preach the good news
  Isaiah 61 Isaiah 355-6
• He will teach in parables Psalm 782

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Jesus prophesied in the OT (2)

• He will be a light to the Gentiles Isaiah 426
  Isaiah 496
• He will enter Jerusalem riding a donkey
  Zechariah 99
• He will be rejected/mocked/suffer and die
  Isaiah 531-12 Psalm 11822
• Psalm 227-8
• His enemies will pierce his hands and feet
  Psalm 2216-18 Psalm 2230
• He will be betrayed by a friend Psalm 419
• He will be betrayed for 30 pieces of silver
  Zechariah 1113
• He will be beaten, mocked and spat upon Isaiah
  506
• His bones wont be broken Psalm 3419-20
• His side will be pierced Zechariah 1210
• He will be raised from the dead - Isaiah 538-12
  Psalm 1610 Psalm 4915
• He will ascend to heaven Psalm 6818

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Acts of the Apostles
Ascension of Jesus Pentecost (Ac 2) Church
growth Pauls conversion (Ac 9) Peters
vision (Ac 10-11) Pauls missions (Ac
13) Paul arrested (Ac 21)
The great commission Therefore go and make
disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the
name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy
Spirit, and teaching them to obey everything I
have commanded you. And surely I am with you
always, to the very end of the age. Matthew
28v19-20
Jerusalem Council (Ac 15)
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Pauls timeline
Period covered by the book of Acts
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
Pauls Conversion (Ac 9)
Jerusalem Conf. (Ac 15)
Arrested in Jerusalem
Released
Executed
Stephen Martyred (Ac 7)
Caesarea prison
Roman prison (1)
Roman prison (2)
Shipwreck off Malta
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Churches who received a letter from Paul
Italy
Macedonia
Rome
Philippi
Thessalonica
Asia Minor
Galatia
Greece
Ephesus
Corinth
Colossae
Jerusalem
GoogleMaps
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Pauls missionary journey (1)
Philippi
Macedonia
Thessalonica
Galatia
Pisidian Antioch
Iconium
Ephesus
Athens
Derbe
Corinth
Colossae
Tarsus
Lystra
John Mark turns back
Antioch
Perga
Crete
Cyprus
Paphos
1st Mission (AD 46-48) to Galatia Paul and
Barnabus ( John Mark) Acts 134-1428
Jerusalem
GoogleMaps
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Pauls missionary journey (2)
Philippi
Macedonia
Thessalonica
Galatia
Ephesus
Athens
Corinth
Tarsus
Colossae
Antioch
Crete
Cyprus
2nd Mission (AD 49-52) to Greece Paul and Silas
Acts 1539-1822
Jerusalem
GoogleMaps
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Pauls missionary journey (3)
Philippi
Macedonia
Thessalonica
Galatia
Athens
Ephesus
Corinth
Tarsus
Colossae
Antioch
Crete
Cyprus
3rd Mission (AD 53-57) to Greece Paul and
?? Acts 1823-2117
Caesarea
Jerusalem
GoogleMaps
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Pauls journey to Rome
Italy
Macedonia
Rome
Philippi
Thessalonica
Asia Minor
Greece
Galatia
Ephesus
Corinth
Colossae
Athens
Malta
Crete
Antioch
Myra
Shipwreck!
Sidon
Cyprus
Fair Haven
Journey to Rome (AD 59-60) Paul Acts 271-2816
Caesarea
Jerusalem
GoogleMaps
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Pauls church letters Romans to Galatians
Romans A theological essay. Gods plan of
salvation and righteousness for all mankind
(Gentile and Jew). Justification by faith. Paul
wrote to prepare the way for his visit and to
present the foundations of the Christian faith.
1 Corinthians A very practical letter dealing
with specific concerns that Paul has with the
church (disunity immorality) and answering
specific questions posed to him.
Foundational teaching
2 Corinthians Paul answers his critics
(Judaisers and legalists), asserts his
credentials as an apostle and warns of his
readiness to use discipline if necessary. Lots of
autographical details about Pauls life.
Galatians A defence of the truth that man is
justified by faith in Christ and not legalistic
works. Freedom in Christ. The fruit of the Spirit
(ch 5).
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Pauls church letters Ephesians to 2 Thess
Ephesians Paul wrote to expand the horizons of
his readers view of Gods eternal purpose and
grace and to appreciate the high goals God has
for the church. The armour of God (ch 6).
Philippians An encouragement to stand firm in
the face of persecution and rejoice regardless of
circumstances. To imitate Christs humility, have
no confidence in the flesh and be unified as a
body of believers.
Christians in community
Colossians Paul writes to combat false
teaching. Presents the supremacy of Christ he
is all that we need. The second half of the book
contains practical instruction on holy living.
1 Thessalonians Paul had to leave Thessalonica
abruptly due to persecution. This letter contains
encouragement to new believers, instruction on
godly living and teaching on Christs return.
The future
2 Thessalonians Similar themes to Pauls
previous letter as either there had been a
misunderstanding or they hadnt acted upon his
instructions.
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Pauls pastoral letters 1 Timothy to Philemon
1 Timothy Paul has left his young assistant to
look after the church in Ephesus. The letter
contains instruction on church leadership and
organisation as well as personal encouragement
for Timothy.
2 Timothy Paul has been left alone and is in
prison awaiting execution. He writes to Timothy a
warning to guard the Gospel and to boldly pass it
on to others just as Paul had devoted his life
to.
Titus Paul left Titus in charge of the church
in Crete an island reknown for its dishonesty,
evil and laziness. As a church leader Titus
should set a good example and develop other
leaders there.
Philemon - Paul writes a tactful letter pleading
for leniency towards a runaway slave called
Onesimus.
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Non-Pauline letters Hebrews to 2 Peter
Hebrews (??) Originally written to Jewish
believers. The total supremacy and sufficiency of
Christ. He is the fulfilment of the Old Testament
promises and prophecies. Men and women of faith
(ch 11). Dont turn back or give up.
James (Jesus brother) Possibly the earliest
book of the New Testament. James was leader of
the Jerusalem church. The letter shows how faith
works out in practise. Both an encouragement and
a warning.
1 Peter (Apostle) Trouble from outside the
church. To encourage those who are suffering for
Christ because he is our strength and hope. It
also contains teaching on Christian living and
duties.
2 Peter (Apostle) Trouble from inside the
church. Warning against heresy coming from false
teachers and evildoers within the community. The
readers should aim to grow spiritually and be
watchful as Jesus will return.
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Non-Pauline letters 1 John to Jude
1 John (Apostle) He writes to combat Gnostic
teaching that was creeping into the church and to
give believers assurance of salvation (children
of God). Love one another.
2 John (Apostle) A warning not to accept false
teachers and offer them hospitality.
3 John (Apostle) A plea to accept teachers and
evangelists and offer them hospitality.
Jude (Jesus brother) - Similar content to 2
Peter. Be on guard against false teachers and be
prepared to oppose them with the truth about
Gods saving grace.
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Revelation

• An encouragement to keep going.
• God wins! Salvation will be completed. The world
  will be perfected.

We are here
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Canon of Scripture The Apocrypha
Rule or measure

• Why the Protestant church rejects the Apocrypha
• The writers of the books dont claim themselves
  to have the same authority as the writers of the
  Old Testament.
• They werent widely regarded by Jewish
  historians. not worthy of equal credit -
  Josephus.
• Not reference by Jesus or other New Testament
  writers. (Theres 295 OT references in the NT.)
• There are factual errors and teaching that is
  inconsistent with the rest of the Bible.

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Canon of Scripture The New Testament
In the past God spoke to our ancestors through
the prophets at many times and in various
ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us
by his Son Hebrews 1v1-2a
Apostolic Origin
Universal Acceptance
Consistent Message
The New Testament Canon was finally agreed by
the Council of Carthage in AD 397.
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Reliability of the Bible
New testament 24,970 Iliad
(Homer) 643

• Partial manuscripts exist that were written in
  the 2nd century.
• We can reconstruct the originals with an accuracy
  of 99.
• Eliminating mistakes and scribal changes.
• No one spiritual doctrine rests upon a disputed
  text

• Do these differences in text matter?
• Obvious spelling mistake
• Changes one word but not the meaning
• Changes the meaning of the sentence

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Study tools
Pray to God before reading. Ask Him to speak to
you.

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Evaluation

• How useful did you find this session? (1not at
  all 10essential)
• How hard did you find the content? (1baby stuff
  10impenetrable)
• What bits did you enjoy?
• What have you learnt?
• What would you change?
• Any other comments?