Food web of the Arctic

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Food web of the Arctic

• By Mrs. Sanders

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Plankton

• Plankton are microscopic organisms that float
  freely with oceanic currents and in other bodies
  of water. Plankton is made up of tiny plants
  (called phytoplankton) and tiny animals (called
  zooplankton). Phytoplankton Phytoplankton are
  primary producers. As the base of the oceanic
  food web, they use chlorophyll to convert energy
  (from sunlight), inorganic chemicals (like
  nitrogen), and dissolved carbon dioxide gas into
  carbohydrates. Zooplankton Zooplankton are
  microscopic animals that eat other plankton.

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Krill

• Eat Plankton
• Krill are small, shrimp-like crustaceans that
  swim in the seas. These pink, translucent animals
  congregate in large, dense masses called "swarms"
  or "clouds," that turn areas of the ocean's
  surface pink. Krill are very important in the
  food web since many animals eat them. There are
  about 85 species of krill, ranging in size from
  under 0.5 inch (1 cm) up to 5.5 inches (14 cm)
  long. The dominant krill in the southern polar
  oceans is the Antarctic krill which is up to 2.3
  inches (6 cm) long and weighs about 0.035 ounces
  (1 g). Antarctic krill have a life span of about
  5 to 10 years. Antarctic Krill is considered to
  be a keystone species, an organism upon which
  very many Antarctic predators depend.

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Fish Squid

• Eat Krill
• The Squid is an invertebrate (animal without a
  backbone) that swims in the oceans. This mollusk
  is closely related to the octopus. Squid can
  change the color of their skin to mimic their
  environment and hide from predators.
• Squid range from 1 to 60 ft (0.3 to 18 m) long
• Fish - Antarctic cod, ice fish, crocodile fish,
  dragon fish, robber fish, rat-tailed fish,
  hagfish, skates, eel-pouts, sea snails, and many
  others

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Penguins

• Eat Fish Squid
• Penguins are birds that cannot fly, but they swim
  very well and spend most of their lives in the
  sea. There are 17 species of penguin. Feathers
  Penguins have shiny, waterproof feathers that
  help keep their skin dry. They have more feathers
  than most other birds - about 70 feathers per
  square inch. Each year, penguins molt, losing
  their old feathers and growing new ones. Some
  penguins have a feathery crest.
• Anatomy The Emperor Penguin is the largest
  penguin. It is up to 3.7 feet (1.1 m) tall and
  weighs up to 65 pounds (30 kg) this is bit less
  than half the size of an adult person. Males and
  females look very similar. All penguins have a
  big head, a short, thick neck, a streamlined
  shape, a short, wedge-shaped tail, and tiny,
  flipper-like wings. They have webbed feet which
  they use for swimming. Penguins are counter
  shaded they have a lighter color on the belly
  and a darker color on their back this coloration
  helps camouflage them when they are in the water,
  hiding them from predators.
• Habitat All penguins live in the Southern
  Hemisphere (south of the equator). They live in
  climates ranging from the warm tropics to the
  frigid Antarctic. These defenseless birds usually
  live on predator-free islands or on remote parts
  of a continent. Some penguins, like the Emperor
  Penguin, live on pack ice in Antarctica.

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Seals

• Eat Penguins
• Seals have a thick layer of insulating blubber
  that keeps them warm in cold water. They also
  have more blood (per weight) than most other
  mammals, keeping them well-supplied with oxygen
  during long underwater dives. This allows these
  carnivores (meat-eaters) to hunt for their
  oceanic prey.
• Seals are marine mammals who live mostly in the
  water but spend some time on land or ice (usually
  to reproduce or rest). Seals include the true
  seals and the eared seals.

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Whales

• Eat Seals
• The Beluga Whale is a toothed whale that lives in
  cold Arctic and sub-Arctic waters. Belugas are
  very social animals, congregating in pods (social
  groups) of 2-25 whales. They are slow swimmers
  who are hunted by killer whales, polar bears, and
  people.
• The Orca (commonly known as the Killer Whale) is
  a toothed whale, the largest member of the
  dolphin family. Orcas live in small, close-knit,
  life-long pods.

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Credits

• Clip Art from Microsoft Clip Gallery online
• Information from www.enchantedlearning.com

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