WHY TO TALK ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY OF DEVELOPMENT

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WHY TO TALK ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY OF
DEVELOPMENT

• GOPAL K KADEKODI

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SUSTAINABILITY OFWELL-BEINGAS MUCH
ASRESOURCES

• WELL-BEING INCOME, HEALTH, DIGNITY OF LIFE,
  QUALITY OF LIFE
• RESOURCES LAND, WATER, FORESTS, MINERALS,
  MAN-MADE CAPITAL, HUMAN RESOURCES

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ON THE CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABILITY

• VIEWING AS TARGETS
• STATIONARY STATE----MILL
• WELL-BEING AS RAISING CONSUMPTION
  LEVELS---RAMSEY, HARROD-DOMAR

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BUT THERE ARE RELATED PROBLEMS

• IRRIVERSIBILITY
• RESILIENCE
• DIGNITY AND EMPOWERMENT

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DEALING WITH IRREVERSIBILITIES----KRUTILLA,
FISHER, ARROW
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RAISING RESILIENCE POWER---PERRINGS
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ADDING DIGNITY, EMPOWERMENT, FREEDOM----SEN
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NEW AND RECENT THOUGHTS

• SOCIAL
• ENVIRONMENTAL
• CULTURAL SOVERIGNTY

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• WITNESSING POSITIVE CHANGES IN SOCIETAL
  WELL-BEING ---WABER
• ACCOUNTING FOR A BALANCE BETWEEN SOCIAL,
  ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL DIMENSIONS-----IGNACH
  Y SACHS
• DEVELOPMENT THAT MEETS THE NEEDS OF THE
  PRESENT WITHOUT COMPRISING THE ABILITY OF
  FUTURE GENERATIONS TO MEET THEIR OWN
  NEEDS.----WCED

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DEFINITIONS

• WCED (1987) SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IS
  DEVELOPMENT THAT MEETS THE NEEDS OF THE PRESENT
  WITHOUT COMPROMISING THE ABILITY OF FUTURE
  GENERATIONS TO MEET THEIR OWN NEEDS

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MORE FROM WCED (1987)

• IN ESSENCE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IS A
  PROCESS OF CHANGE, IN WHICH EXPLOITATION OF
  RESOURCES, THE DIRECTION OF INVESTMENTS, THE
  ORIENTATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT, AND
  INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE ARE ALL IN HARMONY AND
  ENHANCE BOTH CURRENT AND FUTURE POTENTIAL TO
  MEET HUMAN NEEDS AND ASPIRATIONS.

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HISTORY OF TRANSITION

• ?GROWTH
• ? DEVELOPMENT
• ? WELL-BEING
• ? INCLUSIVE WEALTH
• ? INCLUSIVE INVESTMENT
• ? INCLUSIVE GROWTH ?

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RELEVANT DEFINITION TO DAY

• SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
• AS A PROCESS OF ATTAINING A PROPER LINK
  BETWEEN INCLUSIVE WEALTH, LEADING TO
  INCLUSIVE INVESTMENT RESULTING IN
  INCLUSIVE GROWTH

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ISSUES INVOLVED

• GROWTH

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POVERTY ALLEVIATION
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REGIONAL BALANCE
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REDUCTION IN INCOME INEQUALITY
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ARRESTING ENVIRONMENTAL DEPLETION, DEGRADATION
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ENHANCING QUALITY OF LIFEDIGNITY,EMPOWERMENT,
GENDER BALANCE
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Eco-system services from Indian forests
some estimates
Ecosystem services or changes 2001 2003 Changes between two years
Soil retention function Soil retention function Soil retention function Soil retention function
Soil loss prevented by dense forests per year million tones (-)514.69 (-)482.20 Annual Soil losses have come down
Loss of nutrients due to soil losses per year Rs. Million (-)50244 (-)47072 Annual Nutrient losses have also reduced.
On ground recharge function On ground recharge function On ground recharge function On ground recharge function
Value of ground water recharge per year Rs million 1325 1238 Role as Ground Recharges have gone down
On flood control function On flood control function On flood control function On flood control function
Effective avoided flood damage per year Rs. Million 118510 111030 Role as Flood control function has gone down
On carbon sequestration function On carbon sequestration function On carbon sequestration function On carbon sequestration function
Stock of carbon in a year thousand tonnes of carbon in 2001 2473346 (opening stock) 2380128 (closing stock) Carbon stocks have gone down
Monetary value of carbon stock Rs. Billion 22260 21421 Carbon values of the stocks gone down
On Biodiversity conservation functions On Biodiversity conservation functions On Biodiversity conservation functions On Biodiversity conservation functions
Net total present value of eco-tourism from forests Rs. 4.3 million Rs. 4.3 million
Net present value of bio-prospecting attributable to forests Rs. million 1064400 997400 Declined due to reduction in forest cover.
Non Use Net present value of biodiversity flagship species Rs. Million 322026 322026
Source WWW.GISTINDIA.ORG
Source www.gistindia.org (2007)
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• SUSTAINABILITY LINKAGE

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SUSTAINABILITY RULES

• AS LONG AS ALL RENTS FROM NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCES
  EXTRACTED ARE REINVESTED, THE STREAM OF
  CONSUMPTION FLOW REMAINS CONSTANT OVER
  GENERATIONSHARTWICK
• SAFE MINIMUM STANDARDS-Ciriacy-Wantrup
• PRESERVE NON-SUBSTITUTABLE CRITICAL COMPONENTS OF
  NATURAL RESOURCE STOCK-Pearce and Turner
• DALYS OPERATIONAL PRINCIPLES

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• MEASUREMENTS OF
• SUSTAINABLITY
• GENUINE SAVINGS RATE
• INCLUSIVE GROWTH RATE

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INDICATORS OF SUSTAINABILITY
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POLICY ISSUES

• RESOURCE ACCOUNTING
• Valuation of water
• Valuation of land, soils and forests
• Valuation of biodiversity
• Valuation of pollution impacts
• Valuation of eco-system services

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PES for Water Supply
Forest Ecosystem
ES water
Rs.
City
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CREATING INSTITUTIONS TO MANAGE

• VILLAGE COMMUNITIES
• FOREST COMMITTEES
• WATER USER ASSOCIATIONS

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GOVERNANCE AND DELIVERABLE DEMOCRACY
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ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND ECOLOGICAL INSTRUMENTS

• FISCAL INSTRUMENTS TAXES AND SUBSIDY, POLLUTER
  PAY PRINCIPLE
• SOCIAL NORMS ON USE OF RESOURCES
• MAINTAINING ECOLOGICAL CYCLE

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THANK YOU