Shang Dynasty

1
Shang Dynasty

• By, Peter Waters Rory OKelly

2
Important Dates

• The Shang Dynasty was the first true dynasty in
  China ruling for over six centuries starting in
  1766 B.C.
• In the 14th century B.C. they settled An-yang
  as their capital.
• In 1122 B.C. the Shang dynasty fell to a massive
  slave rebellion.

3
Shang Philosophy

• The people of the Shang Dynasty worshiped their
  ancestors and a pantheon of gods.
• The Shang people occasionally practiced human
  sacrifice.
• When someone would die their slaves would be
  buried alive with them in a tomb.

4
Accomplishments/ Contributions

• They created the first 360 day calendar with 12
  months.
• Music- They developed a clay ocarina, tuned
  chimes of stone, and bells and drums of bronze.
• Pottery- Some of the pottery found appeared to be
  shaped on a potters wheel leading to the theory
  that they were the first ones to make a potters
  wheel.
• The Shang people developed a system of writing
  using a combination of pictographs, ideograms,
  and phonograms.

5
Important People

• Tang- Tang started the Shang Dynasty based on the
  lessons learned from the failure of the last
  dynasty.
• King Pangeng- the 17th king, he relocated the
  capital to Yin, which lead to a more stable
  government.
• King Wuding- the nephew of King Pangeng, he made
  great achievements in the economy, that laid the
  foundation for the dynasties that followed

6
Zhou Dynasty

• By Chris, and Kaylyn

7
The Zhou dynasty over threw the Shang dynasty in
1046, and ruled 1100 256 BC.

• The longest ruling dynasty not only among the
  chinese ones but among the whole world.
• The Zhou is divided into the Western Zhou
  (1027-771 BCE), when the capital was near Xian,
  and the Eastern Zhou (770-221 BCE), when the
  capital was moved eastward to Luoyang.
• During the Zhou time believed that the Zhou ruler
  is the son of heaven who rules with the Mandate
  of Heaven.
• Lasted longer then any other dynasty.

8
Important philosophy

• Confucius created a philosophy that replaced
  spiritual and religious thinking.
• The Chinese shifted from religion to philosophy.
• 2) humanity 3) the importance state rituals and
  family rituals for preserving universal order.
• Taoism-philosophy based on simplicity, believed
  that the government should be hands off and let
  the people deal with the problems of nature and
  the people should return to primitive
  agricultural communities.
• Legalism- believed every aspect of life should be
  ruled by a series of strict and impersonal laws.
  Ruler would have to be wealthy and powerful to
  rule.

9
Important accomplishments/ contributions

• Zhou society had a society with a class system,
  there were classes suck as aristocrats,
  commoners, and a slave class
• The start of Confucianism was a major
  contribution they had.
• They had economic achievements, a feudal system
  government, and they had advanced agricultural
  techniques, causing them to be the main food
  source for the Chinese.
• Discovered iron deposits in china and developed
  iron technology.
• One of the first dynasty's to start collecting
  books, contributed to literature.
• Zhou time was also the time of the hundred
  schools of philosophers and thinkers.

10
Important people

• Confucius- emphasizes moral cultivation of
  individuals, service to the state, and leadership
  by ethical, educated men.
• Wuwang- he was one the Zhou kings, he was
  important because established the feudal
  government. He was thought of as a wise king.
• The founders of the Zhou dynasty were the Kings
  Wen and Wu, and the Prince Regent Duke Dan of
  Zhou.

11
.
The Qin Dynasty221 B.C. 206 B.C
12
Important dates

• In 221 B.C. King Zheng unified china,
• In 213 B.C. all the Qin dynasty schools were
  burned down

13
Important People

• King Zheng- unified china and began building the
  great wall.
• Emperor Shi Huang was the father of Zheng, he
  created measuring and axel lengths along with a
  standardized currency
• Emperor Shi Huang

14
Accomplishments

• The Qin dynasty began building the great wall
• They also created the terracotta warriors
• They standardized writing and currency
• Expanded chinas border past current day Vietnam
  and current day Korea

15
Philosophies

• They created schools to teach the philosophies of
  there time
• He tried to get people to think that only his
  government was the best by burning books of other
  philosophies

16
Interesting details

• Doctors gave the Emperor pills with traces of
  mercury to try to give him imortality.
• shin Huag was not a popular leader, he put high
  taxes on items which put a burden on the
  population
• Killed over 400 opponents which where against his
  rule.
• He only ruled for 37 year before he died and his
  son took over.

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18
The Han Dynasty

• By Michelle Birsky
• And Liz Morrissey

19
Important People of the Han Dynasty

• Liu Bang- Prince of Han who defeated the Qin army
  in the valley of Wei. In doing so he started the
  Han Dynasty in 206 B.C
• Sima Qian- A member of the Han Dynasty, he became
  Chinas most famous historian
• Wang Mang- briefly interrupted the rule of the
  Han dynasty in A.D 9-24. He was a reformer
• Liu Hsiu- Killed Wang Mang in 22 A.D and took
  over as the new emperor.
• Wu Ti- His reign was one of great military
  expansion. He expanded the borders into Vietnam
  and Korea.

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Accomplishments

• Notable for its military power
• Intellectual, literary, and artistic endeavors
  revived and flourished under Han rule.
• Adopted Confucian Ideals such as economic
  expansion

21
Philosophy
   Li includes ritual, propriety, etiquette, etc.
   Hsiao love within the family love of parents for their children and of children for their parents
   Yi righteousness
   Xin honesty and trustworthiness
   Jen benevolence, humaneness towards others the highest Confucian virtue
   Chung loyalty to the state, etc.

• The Han dynasty followed the practice of
  Confucianism.
• Li includes ritual, propriety, etiquette, etc
• Hsiao love within the family love of parents
  for their children and of children for their
  parents
• Yi righteousness
• Xin honesty and trustworthiness
• Jen benevolence, humaneness towards others the
  highest Confucian virtue
• Chung loyalty to the state, etc
• There are nine sacred books in Confucianism.

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Important dates of the Han Dynasty

• 206 BC The Han Dynasty began after defeating the
  Qin
• 22 AD Wang Mang is killed
• 25 AD Liu Hsiu became emporer
• 220 AD The fall of the Han Dynasty

23
TANG DYNASTY
24
Important individuals

• Li Yüan-first Tang emperor
• Directed complex military operations
• Established basic institutions
• Li Shih-mi one of Chinas greatest emperors
• Defeated eastern Turkish-expanded China further
  westward
• "T'ang Dynasty." Encyclopedia Britannica. 2007.
  Encyclopedia Britannica Online. 2  Apr.  2007
   lthttp//search.eb.com/eb/article-9071162gt.

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Philosophy

• Confucianism the way of life propagated by
  Confucius in the 6th5th century BC and followed
  by the Chinese people for more than two
  millennia. It has traditionally been the
  substance of learning, the source of values, and
  the social code of the Chinese.
• "Confucianism." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007.
  Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 1 Apr. 2007
   lthttp//www.britannica.com/eb/article-9109629gt.

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Accomplishments

• The Tang was one of China's greatest dynasties,
  marked by military power, political stability,
  economic prosperity, and advance in art,
  literature, and education.
• They invented block printing was invented in the
  8th century and movable type in the 11th century
• The schools of Tang were well organized and
  systematized. They had public schools, private
  schools, and colleges.
• education, history of." Encyclopedia Britannica.
  2007. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. 3  Apr. 
  2007  lthttp//search.eb.com/eb/article-47525gt.

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The Song Dynasty Era960-1279 AD

• By
• Samuel Holt Archibald, III, Ph.D.
• And
• The Man

28
The 2 Period of the Song Dynasty

• Northern Song (960- 1127)
• Capital was in Kaifeng
• Controlled most of inner China
• Southern Song (1127-1279)
• Northern China taken over by Jurchen Jin Dynasty
• Song dynasty retreated south and made capital
  Hangzhou

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Important People, Yo

• Taizu- The first emperor of North, from 960-976
• Qinzong- Last emperor of the North, 1126-1127
• Gaozong- First emperor of the South, 1127-1162
• Duan Zong- Last emporer of the South, 1276-1279

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Important Accomplisments

• Developed the pagoda
• Shen Kuo discovered True North
• They followed the Confucian philosophies
  following the decline of buddhism.

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THE END
32
Ming Dynasty

• By Owen Rischmann
• Teddy Panourgias

33
Dates

• Ruled from 1368 to 1644
• Last ethnic Han-led dynasty
• Took over the Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty

34
Important Accomplishments

• All of the Great Wall that you can see today was
  either built or repaired by the Ming Dynasty.
• Helped develop storytellers and novel writers
• Wood cut and block printing was developed during
  the Ming Dynasty
• Porcelain production was developed now
• Experiment in two or three color porcelain
  production was toyed with.
• Encyclopedias were written then, so were
  dictionaries.
• Reduced the number of signs for Chinese
  characters to 214

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Philosophy

• Emporor favored violence in dealing with people
  who he thought were plotting against him.
• Improved peasant life
• Land tax kept low
• Kept granaries stocked to protect against famine.
  
• Government was Totalitarian

36
Important People

• The leader was known as Hongwu Emperor and was a
  peasant.
• Zheng He, he did seven naval expeditions mainly
  for diplomatic reasons.

37
The Qing Dynasty

• By Daniel Egan
• And
• Chris Gray

38
Brief History of the Qing

• Lasted from 1644-1911
• Began during the Manchus control of China
• 1884-1885- The sino-french war- A war for Vietnam
  between China and France that showed that China
  desperately needed to modernized, the same affect
  came with the Sino-Japanese war in 1894-95 over
  control of Korea
• 1839-1842- The opium war- A war in which the
  British fought the Chinese as they regarded
  Chinas hostility as too much towards the opium
  trade this weakened China as it lost land to
  Britain as a result
• Began its collapse after the Incompetent rule of
  empress Tzu Hsi, who refused to reform a weaken
  China in its time of need
• Placed her two-year old son on the throne in
  1909, and in 1911 Chinese revolutionists
  overthrew the government and the dynasty
  collapsed
• Source Qing Dynasty. Timeline of Chinese
  Dynasties, no author given, Museum_at_ Minnesota
  State University, mankato, accessed April 2nd,
  2007, http//www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/prehistory/china
  /later_imperial_china/qing.html
• Source Qing Dynasty The Encyclopedia of China
  The essential reference to China and its history,
  Dorothy Perkins, New York facts on file, 2000,
  Modern World History online, Facts on File Inc.,
  accessed 4/2/07, http//www.fofweb.com/ActiveLink2
  .asp?SKIPBID6ItemIDWE53

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Qing Philosophy

• They practiced hereditary inheritance- Jobs and
  social classes are based upon ones family
• They didnt believe in common, middle-class
  people marrying lower class people, i.e.
  gatekeepers, actors, etc.
• Used servants- owners of households could own
  servants they were consider lower class. This
  trend originated from their Manchu roots
• Originally used Lamaism, a sect of Buddhism from
  Tibet in which the leader of the sect regarded as
  a person of holy standing
• Followed Confucianism- consisted of virtues such
  as honoring ones parents, obeying laws, and
  paying taxes
• A mix of Christianity and Confucianism (following
  the philosophies of Confucius) developed in the
  late 1600s and early 1700s, when Jesuit
  missionaries convinced many of the Chinese to
  convert to Christianity and allowed them to keep
  some of their Confucian ways, the ones that they
  saw as being similar to Christian ones, i.e.
  ancestor worship
• This lasted until the roman catholic pope
  demanded that the converts give up Confucianism,
  leading to a conflict from which emperor Kangxi
  would end Christianity in China
• Source Qing Society. China. Encyclopedia
  Britannica, 2007, accessed April 2, 2007,
  Encyclopedia Britannica, http//search.eb.com/eb/a
  rticle-71762
• Source Qing Dynasty The Encyclopedia of China
  The essential reference to China and its history,
  Dorothy Perkins, New York facts on file, 2000,
  Modern World History online, Facts on File Inc.,
  accessed 4/2/07, http//www.fofweb.com/ActiveLink2
  .asp?SKIPBID6ItemIDWE53

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Accomplishments of the Qing

• The empire extended China- it expanded the land
  they controlled to include what is know
  Turkistan, Tibet, outer Mongolia and other
  modern-day nations such as vietnam into Chinas
  land mass
• They increased agricultural production and made
  advancements in commercial development rather
  than industrialization (They began a system in
  which China could profit from and expand trades
  already in use instead of having to constantly
  develop new industries, and also allowed for more
  independent industries in which the state had
  little to no control over business and industry
• Began a national market for China
• Developed paper money, brokerage systems, and
  banking systems and facilities
• They made an emphasis on Education for China,
  i.e. the promote the people and leaders of China
  having good educations
• A standard Chinese dictionary, the Kangxi
  dictionary was developed by them, which lasted
  for 200 years
• Source China, Japan, and Korea, the Ming, Qing,
  Tokugawa, and Chosun, Columbia University, East
  Asia Curriculum project Asia for Educators,
  Accessed April 2nd, 2007, http//afe.easia.columbi
  a.edu/webcourse/key_points/kp_8.htm

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People of the Qing

• Dorgon- A rebel Manchu leader, he overtook the
  undefended Beijing in 1644 and proclaimed Qing
  the new dynasty in power
• Li Zicheng- A rebel who organized the Manchu and
  Mongolians to overthrow the Ming and instate a
  new empire after facing economic troubles under
  their rule
• Shunzhi- The first of the Qing emperors, (he was
  seven when he came to power, his rule was
  associated with conflicts against the remaining
  Mings and the pirate Zheng Chenggong, he took
  advise from Christian advisors, though never
  converted, he took an interest in Buddhism, and
  died of natural causes
• Kangxi- the successor of Shunzhi, he was on of
  the major driving forces in the adaptation of
  Confucianism, he helped to expand Chinas
  territory to extend to Mongolia, Russia-occupied
  parts of Manchuria, and Tibet. He allowed Jesuits
  to integrate into Qing society, but banned
  Christianity in China after the pope declared
  that Christian converts had to give up their
  Confucian practices he also combined Confucian
  works into the Kangxi Dictionary, which became
  the standard dictionary of the Chinese's Language
  for 200 years
• Source Qing Dynasty The Encyclopedia of China
  The essential reference to China and its history,
  Dorothy Perkins, New York facts on file, 2000,
  Modern World History online, Facts on File Inc.,
  accessed 4/2/07, http//www.fofweb.com/ActiveLink2
  .asp?SKIPBID6ItemIDWE53

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People Cont.

• Qianlong- The sucessor of Kangxi, he promoted
  education under the bases of history, philosophy
  and belles lettres, and classics he also
  expanded Chinas land to include all of
  Turkestan, Vietnam, and Nepal
• Lin Zexu- He was an official appointed to halt
  opium trades in China, he was successful
  Guanzhou, but his actions did result in the Opium
  war, in which Britain declared war on China for
  being to harsh with dealing with the opium trade
  this resulted in the loss of several areas of
  China to the British, including the island of
  Hong Kong
• Tzu His- One of the last empresses of the Qing
  dynasty, She believed in the Self-strengthening
  movement, in which China would keep its cultural
  traditions and let the west modernize, allowing
  China to learn from them she staged a coup in
  1898, after hearing of a supposed plot to have
  her imprisoned during a reform movement by
  emperor Guangxu, which was an attempt to
  modernize a weaken China. When she came to power,
  she ended all reforms, but died shortly after
• Xuantong- The son of Tzu Hsi, she named him her
  sucessor at three years old, in 1911 when he came
  to power, Chinese revolutionaries with plans to
  overthrow the dynasty took power and established
  a republic government for China, resulting in the
  Chinese nationalist partys formation in 1912 and
  end of the Qing, though he was allowed to keep
  his title although powerless
• Source Qing Dynasty The Encyclopedia of
  China The essential reference to China and its
  history, Dorothy Perkins, New York facts on
  file, 2000, Modern World History online, Facts on
  File Inc., accessed 4/2/07, http//www.fofweb.com/
  ActiveLink2.asp?SKIPBID6ItemIDWE53

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YUAN DYNASTY
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1279-1368 AD DIVIDED INTO 3 SECTIONS (ROUGHL
Y) EARLY (1279-1294) MIDDLE (1307-1323) LATE
(1323-1329)
46
EARLY 1279-1294

• Reign of Kublai Khan, (Yuan Emperor Shizu) until
  1294

Kublai Khan Yuan Emperor of Shizu
Genghis Khan (Grandfather to Kublai)
47
MIDDLE 1307-1323

• Period of Decline in the Yuan Dynasty
• - Social Conflicts
• - Competition of imperial power
• The New Deal (Emperor Yingzong)
• - An attempt to save the Yuan Dynasty with this,
  but it didn?t work out and then he died.

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LATE 1329-1368

• Decline begins to accelerate (BAD)
• Khans were losing power to the Mongols
• Yuan fell in 1368

So Long Yuan Dynasty!
49
Yuan Philosophy

• -Yuan slowly took China?s ideas
• -Buddhism was found in the home of Mongols who
  eventually followed it
• -The Mongol's rule lead to revolution and rebirth
  or renewal in Chinas eye
• -Very active in religion, Kublai Khan allowed
  many different religious views

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EXTRAS

• CULTURAL ACHIEVEMENTS
• -DRAMA WAS DEVELOPED
• -MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, CAME FROM THE WEST
  ENHANCING THE -CHINESE PERFORMING ARTS
• STUFF THAT ALSO DEVELOPED WAS
• -TRAVEL LITERATURE
• -CARTOGRAPHY AND GEOGRAPHY
• -SCIENTIFIC EDUCATION
• DURING THIS TIME, EUROPE AND CHINA HAD VERY HEAVY
  IMPACTS ON ONE ANOTHER.

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Extras Cont

• NEW CROP SORGHUM
• 1.a cereal grass, Sorghum bicolor (or S.
  vulgare), having broad, cornlike leaves and a
  tall, pithy stem bearing the grain in a dense
  terminal cluster.
• 2.the syrup made from sorgo.
• -An Old World grass (Sorghum bicolor), several
  varieties of which are widely cultivated as grain
  and forage or as a source of syrup.
• -Syrup made from the juice of this plant
• THEN THE MONGOLS IMPROVED AND REORGANIZED THEIR
  ROAD AND WATER COMMUNICATIONS, GRANARIES WERE
  BUILT TO QUENCH POTENTIAL FAMINES.

52
Bibliography

• "Sorghum." Dictionary. 2007. 2 Apr. 2007
  lthttp//dictionary.reference.comgt.
• The Imperial Era III. 2 Apr. 2007
  lthttp//www- chaos.umd.edugt.
• "Yuan Dynasty." Chinese History Collection. 2
  Apr. 2007 lthttp//www.usc.edugt.
• "Yuan Dynasty." 2003. 2 Apr. 2007
  lthttp//www.chinaculture.orggt.