Russian Revolution

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Russian Revolution
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Czar Nicholas II and Family
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I. The Revolution of 1905

• The working class was discontent
• No individual land ownership

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Bloody Sunday (1905)
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I. Revolution of 1905 (cont)

• Russia industrialized on the backs of the
  peasants
• Real winners of the 1905 Revolution Middle Class
• --Duma (Think congress)

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II. Alexandra The Power Behind the Throne

• Even more blindly committed to autocracy than her
  husband
• The influence of Rasputin over Alexandra
• Holy Man
• Could heal Alexis
• Scandals surrounding Rasputin served to discredit
  the monarchy

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Alexis Alexandras Son with Hemophilia
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Rasputin
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Rasputin with Admirers
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III. World War I The Last Straw

• War revealed the ineptitude and arrogance of the
  countrys aristocratic elite
• Corrupt military leadership and contempt for
  ordinary Russian people
• Average peasant has very little invested in the
  War

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III. World War I (cont)

• Poorly supplied troops
• Result Chaos and Disintegration of the Russian
  Army
• Spreading Discontent among the public

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IV. The Collapse of the Imperial Government

• Nicholas leaves for the FrontSeptember, 1915
• Alexandra and Rasputin throw the government into
  chaos
• Alexandra and other high government officials
  accused of treason

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IV. The Collapse of the Imperial Government
(cont)

• Rasputin assassinated in December of 1916
• Refusal to receive assistance of the Russian
  Middle Class
• Complete mismanagement of the wartime economy

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V. The Two Revolutions of 1917

• The March Revolution (March 12)
• The November Revolution (November 6)

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VI. The March Revolution

• Origins Food riots and strikes
• Duma declared itself a Provisional Government on
  March12th
• Tsar abdicated on March 17th
• The Petrograd Soviet
• --Order 1
• Soldiers should return to their barracks and
  obey their officers

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VII. Soviet Political Ideology

• Most influenced by Marxist socialism
• Emulated western socialism
• Two Factions
• -- Mensheviks
• -- Bolsheviks

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VIII. Founder of Bolshevism Vladimir Lenin

• His Early Years
• --Exiled to Siberia in 1897
• Committed to Class Struggle and Revolution
• Moved to London in 1902 and befriended Leon
  Trotsky

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VIII. Lenin (cont)

• Key role of the Party in the revolution
• -- Dictatorship of the Proletariat
• Bolsheviks split from the Russian Socialist Party
  in 1912

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IX. The November Revolution

• All private property of wealthy was abolished and
  divided among the peasantry
• Largest industrial enterprises nationalized

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IX. November Revolution (cont)

• Political Police organized CHEKA
• Revolutionary army created with Trotsky in charge
• -- Red Army
• Bolshevik Party renamed Communist Party in March
  of 1918
• The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk negotiated with the
  Germans

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XI. November Revolution (cont)

• Humiliating Treaty would be nullified since all
  of the west was on the verge of revolution
• Civil War fought between 1917-1920
• -- Reds versus Whites
• Complete breakdown of Russian economy and society

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Did you volunteer for the Red Army?
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White Recruitment Poster (1919)
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Socialism

• A theory or system of social organization that
  allows everyone (the community) the means to
  control production, capital, and property

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Communism

• A Form of Socialism
• Central Planning of the Economy by the State
• Government (Communist Party) makes decisions on
  individual jobs and pay

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1924

• Lenin Dies
• Power Vacuum
• Leon Trotsky vs. Joseph Stalin
• Stalin takes control
• Stalin must decide how he will maintain power
• Decides to create a totalitarian state

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Lenin Embalmed
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Characteristics of a Totalitarian State

• Dictatorship- Absolute Authority
• Dynamic Leader- Vision for the nation
• State Control Over All Sectors of Society
• Business, Family Life, Labor, youth groups,
  housing, religion, education, the arts
• State Control Over the Individual
• Obedience
• Denies basic liberties
• Organized Violence
• Uses force to crush opposition

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Stalins Totalitarian State

• State Control of the Economy
• 5 year plan, collective farms
• Police Terror
• Great Purge, crush opposition
• Religious Persecution
• Control of the individual
• Propaganda (socialist realism)
• Molding peoples minds
• Education
• Controlled by the government

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