Child and Adolescent Nutrition

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Child and Adolescent Nutrition

• FCS 3151
• M. Burns

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Healthy Eating Index

• A summary measure of the quality of ones diet.
• Compares diet to FGP and Dietary Guidelines for
  Americans
• Factors in total fat, saturated fat, cholesterol,
  sodium
• www.cnpp.usda.gov

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Healthy Eating Index
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Influencing Factors on Diet

• Environment of food consumption
• Lessening number of family meals
• Increased take out due to faster lines
• Lifestyle choices
• Television
• Convenience and peer influence
• Advertising and marketing efforts

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Healthy People 2010 Children

• Reduce prevalence of iron deficiency among young
  children (1-2 y/o target 5, current 7)
• Reduce growth retardation among low-income
  children aged 5 and younger (target 5, current
  8)
• Increase the proportion of persons aged 2 who
  consume less than 10 calories from saturated fat
  (75, 23-27)
• Increase the proportion of persons aged 2 who
  consumer no more than 30 calories from total fat
  (75, 30-36)

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Healthy People 2010 Adolescents

• Reduce the proportion of children and adolescents
  who are overweight or obese (5, 16)
• Increase the proportion of adolescents who engage
  in moderate physical activity for at least 30
  minutes on 5 or more of the previous 7 days (35,
  26)
• Increase the proportion of adolescents who engage
  in vigorous physical activity that promotes
  cardiorespiratory fitness 3 or more days per week
  for 20 minutes (85, 65)
• Increase the proportion of adolescents who
  participate in daily school physical education
  (50, 32)

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Nutrition-related Problems

• Undernutrition/Growth Retardation
• Iron deficiency
• Blood lead level
• Dental caries
• High blood cholesterol
• Eating disorder
• Overweight and obesity

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Childhood Obesity

• Overweight vs at risk for overweight
• Potential causes
• Possible complications
• Necessary actions

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Children with Special Needs

• Limited ability to participate in school, play,
  and social activities
• Require interdisciplinary evaluation including
  dietary and medical histories, anthropometric
  measurements, clinical and feeding assessments
• Education of the Handicapped Act Amendments
  (PL99-457) in 1986

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Assistance Programs

• Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women,
  Infants, and Children (WIC)
• WIC Farmers Market Nutrition Program (FMNP)
• Food Stamps (FSP)
• Commodity Supplemental Food Program (CSFP)
• Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program
  (EFNEP)

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Assistance Programs

• Child Nutrition Programs
• Child and Adult Care
• Emergency Food Assistance
• Homeless Children Nutrition
• Soup Kitchens
• Food Pantries

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Assistance Programs

• Title V Maternal and Child Health Program
• Medicaid and Early Periodic Screening,
  Diagnostic, and Treatment (EPSDT)
• Community Health Centers
• Healthy Start Program

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Focus on Child Nutrition Programs (CNP)

• National School Lunch Program
• School Breakfast Program
• After-school snack Program
• Special Milk Program
• Summer Food Service Program

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Focus on CNP History

• Agricultural Act of 1933
• Fund to purchase surplus agricultural commodities
• National School Lunch Act in 1946
• Established the NSLP

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Focus on CNP History

• Child Nutrition Act in 1966
• Established the pilot SBP (1975 full approval)
• Expanded special milk program
• Special Food Service for Children Program in 1968
• Established the summer food service program
• EFNEP began

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Focus on CNP History

• Healthy Meals for Healthy Americans Act (PL
  103-448) of 1994
• Meals must be in compliance with the Dietary
  Guidelines
• 1995 Team Nutrition began
• 1998 expanded NSLP to include reimbursement for
  snacks served in after school programming

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Focus on CNP History

• Child Nutrition and WIC Reauthorization Act of
  2004 (PL 108-265)
• School Wellness program in place by 7.2006
• Seamless summer program
• Fresh Fruit and Vegetable pilot program

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Focus on CNP NSLP

• Public and nonprofit private school and
  residential child care institutions
• Nutritional parameters
• lt30 calories from fat, 10 from satd fat
• 1/3 DRI for calories, protein, calcium, iron,
  vitamin A and C based on age and gender
• Available at full cost, reduced cost (130-185 of
  poverty), and free (lt130 poverty)
• Confidentiality of eligibility status

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Focus on CNP SBP

• Mimics NSLP, but a school does have to have a SBP
  even if has a NSLP
• Free, reduced and full price, but also a
  severe-need category
• Fewer served than NSLP
• Many variations to standard plan, ie all students
  reduce free BF

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Focus on CNP SBP Pattern

• Hot or cold
• ½ pt of fluid milk
• ½ c fruit or 100 fruit juice
• 2 servings of bread or bread alternate OR 2
  servings of meat or meat alternate OR one bread
  and one meat

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Focus on CNP Impact on Children

• Those who participated in NSLP and SBP,
• 50 of calories came from meals (CSFII)
• Closer to consuming 5 fruits/veges daily
• Drank 3X more milk, and half the soda
• Ate fewer sweet and salty snacks
• Higher intakes of fat, satd fat and sodium
• Lower intake of added sugars
• Consumed more grains
• Higher intakes of B vitamins, calcium, zinc, and
  magnesium

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Nutrition Education Programming
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• Provides nutrition education training to school
  FS professionals
• Promotes nutrition education in schools that
  teaches and encourages students to make healthful
  lifestyle choices
• Build school and community support for healthful
  school environments