TEM 8 ????????

1
TEM 8 ????????

• FLD HSU

2
TEM8 ???????

• ????????????,?????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????

2002
1996
2004
2003
3
1996 ??

• ???,???????,???????????????????????,??????,???????
  ??????????????????????,??????????????,????????????
  ??,????????,????????????????,?????????,?????????,?
  ???????????????????????

4
1996 ??
???? ????? ????
?? 12 ?(18) 52?(77) 4?(5)
???? 15?(22) 48?(71) 5?(7)
???? 23?(35) 43?(63) 2?(2)

• ????????????????????(exchange of conversational
  greetings),??????????? ,????77????????(????)??
  ???????????????(unrestrained and
  far-ranging),??71????????????????????????,???
  ???????????

5
1996 ??

• ????
• 1 ???????????????
• They will leave after exchanges of some polite
  expressions of formulas.
• 2 ?????????????????
• They will leave even after a lot of talking.
• 3 ???????????????
• It seems unnatural to offer visiting cards
  without a word.

6
1996 ??

• 4 ?????????????????????????????
• They usually present their name cards
  respectfully with both hands before opening their
  mouths.
• 5 ?????????,???????,?????????
• Only when they are speculative in their
  conversation and hope to keep in touch later on
  will they give name cards.
• 6 ???????????????
• It seems to be reluctant to offer name cards
  before the conversation.

7
1996 ??

• ??????????????????
• ????before the conversation
• ?? ??agreeable??????
• ???????,????????????????????(P.
  1349)????????????,??????????????(P.
  298),????2????,???,??????????????????????unna
  tural, improper?,????????????????????
• ??,????????????????????????

8
1996 ??(???)

• ??????????????-s,?????????????-s,??????????
  ?????????,???Asianman, Asianmen, Frenches,
  Frenchs????
• ????,?????????????an etiquette?

9
1996 ??(??)

• ?????????????????????? are good
  opportunities ,??
• 10 In Paris, various cocktail parties and
  buffet meals are good opportunities to make a lot
  of friends.
• ????,?????????,???????????????,???
  ????? give sb. an opportunity of (to) ?
• ????????????????????only??,??????????????
• 12 Only when they find each other agreeable and
  hope to further the relationship they will offer
  name cards.

10
1996 ????

• ?????????????????,???????????????????(???)?
• ??????,???????????????,?????????????????,?????
  ?buffet meal (lunch, party, reception)????????????
  ???,???????,??
• 14 ??? get-togethers at which hosts offer
  their guests cold food?
• ?????????????barbecue (????????),??????????
  ,???????????????

11
1996 ????

• ????????????????????,??card?name card
  business card?????visiting-card?(??)??,??????
  calling-card?????,??????????ID card,????????
• ???????????????????????????????,???????,?
  ??????????,????????????,????????????,???????,???
  ???????????(???????)

12
1996 ????

• In Paris, cocktail parties and buffet dinners in
  honor of this or that provide an excellent
  opportunity to make a lot of friends. When
  strangers meet on such occasions, an Asian tends
  to present his name card respectfully with both
  hands before the conversation, which seems to be
  required by etiquette. However, the French
  usually are not so ready with such a formality
  that they will excuse themselves after exchanges
  of a few words of greetings or even after a
  rambling chat about everything under the sun.
  They will offer cards only when they find each
  other agreeable and hope to further the
  relation-ship. And it seems somewhat unnatural
  for them to do so before getting into
  conversation.

13
2002 ??

• ????????, ????, ??????????????,??????????????????,
  ?????????????????????????,?????,?????,???????????
  ??????,?????????????? ?????????????????,?????????
  ??, ??????????

14
2002 ???????

• ?????
• ?alcohol, wine, liquor, spirits, beer, whisky
• ??????? brew wine and drink alcohol, brew
  spirits and drink wine, brew wine and drink beer
• ????????????
• (1) ??????,?????,??brew and
• drink wine
• (2) ???????brew and drink?

15
2002 ???????

• ?????
• ?cattle (?) ??,bull (??),cow (??),calf (??),ox
  (?) ???(??,??),bullock (??),buffalo (??)
• ??????? feed bulls and milk cows
  (?????????),feed bulls for milk (?????)
• ????
• (1) ??????feed cattle and milk cows,
• feed cows and milk them, feed and milk
  cows,
• feed cows for milk
• (2) ??????????feed cattle and
• milk, feed cows and milk?

16
2002 ???????

• ????????
• ????violin (???), accordion (???)?,????piano
  (??),organ (??)???play violin, play accordion
• ?????
• ?????????warm and fragrant (home)?,??,????????fra
  grant??,???warm and comfortable,
  ???warm???????cozy???,cozy???comfortable and
  warm??????????????????,???hearth?

17
2002 ???????

• ?????
• ???,?? (weed)
• ??(1)?????eradicate (remove, uproot, hoe up )
  weeds (2)??hoe the garden, weed the garden,
  weed , ???? weed????????,????????????
• ????(tautology)
• ??????????????? People all unanimously , All
  the people unanimously , Everybody unanimously
  

18
2002 ???????

• ???????weed and garden?????,????????? If you
  are gardening, you are doing work in your garden
  such as weeding or planting. COBUILD (P.598)
  ????(1)????garden,????????????????(2)????????
  ?????,???weed (the garden) and plant flowers,
  weed (the garden) to plant flowers??
• ?????????,?? go to church to pray and
  worship?????,????(1) go to church (2) go to the
  church to pray and worship (3) pray and worship
  in the church?

19
2002 ?? vs Parallelism

• ????,???????????????,?????,?????,????????????
  ?(????),??????????????????????(??)???
• ???? a. People, poor or rich b. People, the poor
  or the rich

20
2002 ?? vs Parallelism
???????,?????,?????,?????

• ?????
• They grow crops and grapevines, brew and drink
  wine, feed and milk cows, and weed and plant the
  gardens.
• They plant crops and grapevines, brew wine to
  drink, feed cows to milk, and weed the gardens to
  grow flowers.
• They plant crops and grapevines, brew wine for
  drink, feed cows for milk, and weed the gardens
  for flowers.
• They plant crops and grapevines, do the
  garden-ing, brew wine for drink, and feed cows
  for milk.

21
2002 ?? vs Parallelism

• ????????????,?????????????? ? a1 a2?b1b2????

?????? ??Parallelism
?????? a1 go to the church at weekends b1 in the church at weekends
?????? a2 go to the square on holidays b2 in the square on holidays
22
2002 ??

• ?????????????????????,??????????????????????
  Plant crops and grapevines, brew
• ????????(????) in the church at weekends
  (????)??????(????) in the square on holidays
  (????)?
• ?????nature (??the nature)?????in the same way
  (??in a same way)??????go to church (??go to the
  church)??play the violin (??play violin)?

23
2002 ??

• ????a human being (??human being),??human
  beings,?????every people, all person?(??)cattl
  e (??cattles)?milk (??milks)??folklore
  (??folklores)?
• ???????????????go to the church to prey
  (?????)?

24
2002 ????

• The bounty of Nature is equal to everyone, rich
  or poor, and therefore all men are strongly
  attached to her. This is particularly true in the
  rural areas, where people have kept the same
  lifestyle for a millennium or so. They plant
  crops and grapevines, brew wine to drink, feed
  cows to milk, and weed the gardens to grow
  flowers. They go to church at weekends, and they
  meet in the square on holidays, playing the
  violin, singing and dancing. The age-old land
  remains the same as their family hearth. Each
  place boasts its folklore and thereby social
  customs go down.

25
2003 ??

• ????,??????,???????,????,??????????????,???????,??
  ???????????????,??????,???????,??????,????????????
  ?,??????,????????,????,?????,????,?????,??????????
  ,??????,???????????,????????

26
2003 ??

• ?????,????
• ?????????????????????????????????????
  ?,??????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????,???????brothers and sisters,
  ??????cousins??????????

27
2003 ??

• ????????????,??????????????????????????,???????,??
  ??a hundred of flowers angrily (infuriately,
  violently) opened????The guests gathered like
  cloud. / The guests clouded over. ????penetrate
  and insert in it????wrap up my heart?
• ?????,??????????,??????????,??????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????,???????
  ????????

28
2003 ??

• ???????????????,??run amuck, like a tyrant,
  run wild, lord it over, play the bully,
  gangsterism, acting like an overlord
  ?????,??????????????????lord, tyrant,
  gangster, bully??????????????????,???????,(?)??
  ?????,??play the bully at home,??lord, tyrant,
  gangster????????????????,???????????????????
  ??????,???????little emperor, crab???,crab??????
  ?,??????I crabbed at home.

29
2003 ??

• ???????????????,???????????????????????????????w
  orld?wonderful world,???????????????????????,??
  ?????????????(?????)??(?)???????(?? vs
  ??)?????,?????????????????,????????????,?????
  ??????????,??????!

30
2003 ??

• ??????(?)?????,???????????????
• (1) ???????
• (2) ?????????????????
• loss of favour, out of favour, in disfavour,
  fall into disgrace??
• ????????,????????????????,??????,??in the
  moon palace just like a wife who had lost her
  husbands love drop to the bottom of the
  ice-hole in a desert???????????????,??to be
  consigned to the back shelf?

31
2003 ??

• (3) ????(SL)??????,?????,?cold palace?
• (4) ?????(TL)??????,?limbo?
• ???limboa. ??????(??????????????????????)?b.
  ?????c. ????????????
• ???(3)??(4)????,???(3)??????????????,????????
  ????????(4)???????????????,?????,???????(funct
  ional equivalence)????

32
2003 ??

• ??????????(???)??,????????a pearl in my
  parents palm the apple of my parents eye?
• ??????????????????????(SL)???????,?????????(TL
  )???????????????????,???????????,???????????????
  ?????????(culture-bound),??????,?????????,?????
  ?????to have a well-thought-out plan before
  doing sth. ?to have a card up ones sleeve?

33
2003 ????

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????
• ????????????????????????????????????????,????ov
  erbearing and force others to my
  will?????melancholically disappointed????joyfu
  l and jubilant????,????being deserted by the
  people and being deserted by the world?

34
2003 ????

• ?????????????????????????,????????????????????????
  ,?????????????????,???????????????????
• 1 ??????,????????
• a. Flowers were in full bloom in the garden. My
  parents held a party in the garden. (??)
• b. Flowers were in full bloom in the garden. My
  parents held a party there (in it). (??)
• c. My parents held a party in the garden where
  flowers were in full bloom. (??)

35
2003 ????

• 2 ???????????????
• a. in a little house on the slope in the little
  house on the slope (??)
• b. in a little house on the slope in the house
  (??)
• ????????,???????????????????????,?1??2?????
  ??1?????????,??????????2?????????,????????????
  ,??????????????????????

36
2003 ????

• ????????????????????(parallel
  structures)??????????????????????????????????????
  ????????(????)????????(??)????????(??)???
  ?????(??)????????????(??,??)????,????(??)?
  ???????????????,?????????????,?????????????

37
2003 ????

• ??????,????????????????????,??????????????????????
  ?,???????????????,????????????????????????????????
  ?,???????????????????????????,????????????????????
  ?????,?????(1)????????,????,?????(2)???????,??and
  ?,??????????,???????????????????

38
2003 ??

• ????????????????????????????????????
• 1 ?????? a spoiled child of my parents
• 2 ???? a bully, a tyrant, tyrannical,
  domineer-ing, overbearing
• 3 ?? be isolated, in isolation
• 4 ??????? be confined to the little house
• 5 ???? to be in disfavour
• 6 ??????? felt frustrated
• 7 ???? the flowers were in full bloom
• 8 ???? be among them

39
2003 ??

• 9 ??????,??????? a forlorn feel-
• ing of grief and indignation
• ??,????n., adj. prep. ?to be, to
  feel?????,????????????????????????????,??????????
  ??feel like being beaten into a cold
  palace???????melancholically failed in
  realizing my aspiration????hundreds of flowers
  were infuriately opening????penetrate and
  insert among them??????,???????a feeling of
  sorrow and anger that I had been deserted by
  people and forgotten by the world?

40
2003 ????

• Before I was taken ill, I had been a spoiled
  child of my parents, getting things my way in the
  family. Once isolated and confined to a little
  house on the slope of the garden, I suddenly
  found myself in disfavour and my wings clipped.
  One spring evening, myriads of flowers were in
  full bloom in the garden. My parents held a
  garden party in honour of many guests, whose
  arrival at once filled the place with laughing
  chats. In the little house on the slope, I
  quietly lifted the curtain to be met by a great
  and prosperous world with my elder brothers and
  sisters, and my cousins among the guests, all in
  jubilation. All at once, seized by a fit of
  forlorn rage, I could not help bursting into
  tears.

41
2004 ??

• ??????????????????????????,???????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????,?????????????,??????
  ?????????,???????,????????????????,????????,??????
  ??????,??,??????????????,????????,???????????,????
  ???,?????????,????????,??????????????

42
2004 ????(?????)

• cohesive devices Halliday Hasan Cohesion in
  English (1976) ??(reference) ??(substitution)
  ??(ellipsis) ??(conjunction) ????(lexical
  cohesion)
• ?????????????(reiteration)?????(collocation)?????
  ????????,???????????????????????????????
• ???????????,????????????

43
2004 ????(?????)
???????????????????????

• ???????????????????????????,?????????????????,?
  ??????reference, substitution??????????????????,
  ???????????????????????????????????????,????????
  ???,??????????????????????????,????????????????,?
  ??????????????????,??????????????

?????
44
2004 ????(?????)

• ????????????????,????????
• as you start eating you are in hunger, and when
  you are in hunger chaff tastes sweet as honey
  (????)
• ??????????
• 1 ??????,????????????? (He came at a time when
  I least expected him.)
• 2 ???????????,?????????????? (It was one of
  those cold, wet evenings when most people stay
  indoors.)

45
2004 ????(?????)

• ????????????????,???,???????vice versa, the other
  way round. ??????????
• 3 We gossip about them and vice versa. (they
  gossip about us). (?????????,???????????)
• 4 ???????????,???????????,????????????? (To
  promote the development of China U. S. relations,
  China needs to know the United States better and
  vice versa.)

46
2004 ????(?????)

• ?????????,????????
• Even chaff tastes sweet as honey when one is
  hungry, whereas honey doesnt taste sweet at all
  when one is full. (S2)
• For hungry ones ordinary food becomes a delicious
  one as if it is mixed with honey, however when
  they are full, even honey will not taste so
  sweet. (S3)
• The least tasteful food taste sweet when youre
  hungry, while the sweetest honey tastes nothing
  special when youre full. (S4)
• Husks will taste like honey when you are hungry,
  and vice versa. (????)

47
2004 ????(??)

• ???????,????????????????????????????????????????
  (zero-substitution)???????????????????????????????
  ???????
• 1) ?????
• 5 Reading maketh a full man conference a ready
  man and writing an exact man. ??????,??????,?????
  ??
• 6 ???????????,??????,??????,?????????????(???)

They forget the system of democratic centraism in
which the minority is subordinate to the
majority, the lower level to the higher level,
the part to the whole and the entire membership
to the Central Committee.
48
2004 ????(??)

• ????????,????????,???????
• Consequently, delight changes to anger praise
  changes to blame and nodding head changes to
  shaking head. (S3)
• Consequently, satisfaction is switched into
  anger, compliment into blame and fastidiousness,
  and nodding into shaking ones head. (S2)
• Therefore, happiness turns into anger, praises
  into criticism, and head-nodding into
  head-shaking. (S1)
• Consequently, your joy would give way to anger
  your praises would to criticism or even
  fault-finding and your nodding in agreement to
  shaking the head. (??)

49
2004 ????(??)
?(?)???????????,??????(?)???????,????????(?)??????
?,(?)???????,????????????(?)????,(?)????????,(?)??
?????

• 2) ?????
• ?????????????????????,?????????????????,??????
• ??????(subject prominent)???,?????????????????????
  ??,????????????????,?????????
• Starting to eat the first dish, impression is
  good. Its also very delicious when eating the
  first two main dishes. Having finished it all the
  disadvantages are found out. Then turn from happy
  to angry, praise to blame, yes to no. (????)

50
2004 ????(??)

• ???(category words)????????????????????,??????????
  ??
• 7 We have winked at these irregularities too
  long. (????????????????)
• 8 He was described as impressed by Dengs
  flexibility. (???????????????)
• 9 What they wanted most was an end of
  uncertainties. (?????????????????????)
• ??????????????????inter-personal relation
  (problem),?????dining (experience),????in (a
  state of) hunger,???freshness (feeling)?

51
2004 ????(??)

• ????????????????????????,???(explicit)???(implicit
  )???????????????????????????????,?????????????????
  ???
• ????????,???????????????????????
• 1 Human beings are interesting. When it is the
  first time you meet a person, you only notice his
  or her merits. (????)
• 2 People are interesting and get the first
  impression of his or her merits when they
  communicate. (S5)

52
2004 ????(??)

• 3 , for when first meeting sb, they . (S3)
• 4 Human beings are very interesting in that
  when they get into contact with someone what they
  first see is often his or her good points only.
  (S1)
• 5 Human beings are interesting in that they
  tend to first see good in a new acquaintance.
  (??)
• ?????,???????1?2?????1??????,?????,??2????
  and,????????????????,??3-5????????????,?????????
  ?????????????????4-5?in that??,????????

53
2004 ????(??)

• ?????????????,?????????????,???????
• 1 When we begin with the first course or the
  appetizer, we are very positively impressed. When
  we continue with the first two main courses, we
  are also full of praises for the dishes. (S1)
• 2 We are very impressed by the first dish or
  cold dishes to begin with. We would also give
  endless compliments on the first two entrees.
  (S2)
• 4 You will be not only favorably impressed with
  the first dish or cold dishes, but also profuse
  in praise of the first two courses. (????)

54
2004 ????(??)

• ?????????,???????,?????????
• 1 Yet the more we ate, the clearer we became.
  And after dinner we found out all the
  shortcomings. (S4)
• 4 Yet we become less and less enthusiastic as
  we continue to eat and when the dinner is over,
  all the shortcomings have been found out. (S1)
• 5 However, the more you have, the more sober
  you become until dinner ends up with all the
  flaws exposed. (????)
• ??1-4???????????????5??????????,??until,?????

55
2004 ????

• 1995?,???????????????The Translators
  Invisibility???????????,???????????(foreignizing
  method),???????????(domesticating method)?
• 1 ????????
• ??1 As for books of the beauty-and-talented
  type (?? ?)
• ??2 And the boudoir romances (D. H. ?)
• 2 ????,?????
• ??1 Man proposes, Heaven disposes. (??)
• ??2 Man proposes, God disposes. (D. H.)

56
2004 ????

• 3 ????????
• ??1 All men long to be immortals. (??)
• ??2 All men know that salvation should be won.
  (D. H.)
• ????????????????,??,shake ones
  head??(???,????????),nod??(????)???,??????
  ????

?? ?? ??
?? nodding shaking ones head
?? agreement approval positive view disagreement disapproval negative view
57
2004 ????

• ?????????
• ??Nodding approval will give way to
  head-shaking.
• ??(1) Agreement will give way to disagreement.
• (2) Approval will give way to disapproval.
• (3) Positive views will give way to negative
  views.
• ??,????????????(culture-specific
  items)????????????,??,?????????????????????
  ??
• 1 ??
• ??to have chaff (bran, husks )
• ??to have dishwater

58
2004 ????

• 2 ????????
• ??In hunger one can taste honey in chaff.
• ??Hunger is the best sauce.
• 3 ??
• ??to take up the chopsticks to eat
• to begin to eat with chopsticks
• ??to take up a knife and fork
• to begin to eat with a knife and fork
• 4 ?????????
• ??A newly-built latrine smells sweet in the
  first 3 days. / Fresh air doesnt last long in a
  new latrine.
• ??Familiarity breeds contempt.

59
2004 ????

• We should not be too romantic in interpersonal
  relations. Human beings are interesting in that
  they tend to first see good in a new
  acquaintance. This is like dining in a
  restaurant. You will be not only favorably
  impressed with the first dish or cold dishes, but
  also profuse in praise of the first two courses.
  However, the more you have, the more sober you
  become until the dinner ends up with all the
  flaws exposed. Consequently, you joy would give
  way to anger your praises would to criticism or
  even fault-finding and your nodding in agreement
  to shaking the head. What accounts for all this
  is, in the first place, you are hungry when you
  start to eat. As the saying goes, Hunger is the
  best sauce, and vice versa. And in the second
  place, unfamiliarity, rather than familiarity,
  breeds freshness in you when you start to eat in
  a restaurant new to you, which is the so-called
  effect of unfamiliarization.

60
Thank You!

• Translation is challenging but interesting!