Fasteners in Aviation

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Aerospace Fastener Applications Part 2
An Aerospace Manufacturing Perspective
2
Aerospace Rivets

• Primarily used to fasten aerospace skins to the
  sub-structure
• Concerned mainly with shear and tension loads.
• Two types of rivets
• Solid Rivet
• Blind Rivet

3
Aerospace Solid Rivets
4
Aerospace Solid Rivets
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Aerospace Solid Rivets - Identification

• Rivets manufactured in accordance with the AN/MS
  standards are identified by a four part code
• AN or MS specification and head type
• one or two letters that indicate the material
• shank diameter in 1/32nd inch increments
• a dash followed by a number that indicates rivet
  length in 1/16th inch increments.

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Aerospace Solid Rivets - Identification

• Example rivet identification
• standard universal head solid rivet
• Material 2117-T4 aluminium
• 1/8 inch diameter
• 5/16 inch in length
• Rivet ID either AN470AD4-5 or MS20470AD4-5

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Aerospace Solid Rivets - Identification

• Same rivet, different material1100 aluminium
• AN470A4-5 or MS20470A4-5.
• AN470 or MS20470 denote the specification for
  universal head types
• AD is the material code for 2117-T4
• (A1100, B5056, Ccopper, D2017, DD2024,
  Fstainless and MMonel)
• 4 4/32 or 1/8 inch diameter
• -5 5/16 inch length

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Aerospace Blind Rivets

• Used when you cannot physically access one side
  of the work
• Blind rivets are hollow, and thus weaker than
  solid rivets
• To retain strength of the joint
• stronger material, larger diameter rivets, or
  more are necessary and of course
• 2050 heavier than a solid rivet because of
  steel stem

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Aerospace Blind Rivets
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Quality Assurance of Aerospace Fasteners

• Aerospace Fasteners Material Selection
• Aerospace Fasteners Testing

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Aerospace Fasteners Material Selection

• Background
• Some factors to be considered before material
  selection are
• The max. and min. operating temperatures
• The corrosiveness of the environment
• Fatigue and impact loading
• Always try to use standard fasteners, such as AN,
  MS, MIL, NAS, SAE

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Aerospace Fasteners Material Selection

• Alloy Steels
• Aluminum
• Titanium
• Stainless Steel
• Superalloys

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Aerospace Fasteners Material Selection

• Aluminum is the predominant material used in the
  manufacture of commercial aircraft.
• Table 3 lists the typical aluminum alloys used in
  commercial aircraft.

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Basic Aerospace Fasteners Application

• The basic applications (or needs) for aerospace
  fasteners are
• Shear
• Tension
• Fatigue
• Fuel tightness
• High temperature
• Corrosion control

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Aerospace Fasteners Testing

• Analyzing a Joint
• Calculate all the load required for each type of
  joint failure
• Rivet Shear
• Sheet Tensile
• Bearing
• Sheet Shear
• Failure will occur in the mode that corresponds
  with the lowest load carrying capability.

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Aerospace Fastener Standardization

• Most aerospace hardware is manufactured per
  government standards
• The three most common aircraft fastener standards
  used are
• AN Air Force/Navy
• NAS National Aerospace Standards
• MS Military Standards

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Common Standardized Fasteners

• Bolts
• Nuts
• Washers
• Turnbuckles
• Cotter pins
• Screws
• Rivets
• Plumbing fittings (pipes and tubes)