market pull, technology push.

1
market pull, technology push.

• A technology push implies that a new invention is
  pushed through Research and Development,
  production and sales and enters onto the market
  without proper consideration of whether or not it
  satisfies a user need.
• In contrast, an innovation based upon market pull
  has been developed by the RD in response to an
  identified market need.

2
Example Market Pull

• Society has an ever increasing demand for greener
  products and therefore products such as recycling
  bins, reusable carrier bags, hybrid cars, low
  energy light bulbs have been developed as a
  consequence.

3
Example Technology Push

• The developments in electronic engineering have
  enabled smaller, smarter electronic components to
  be fitted into everyday products such as the
  mobile phone, personal hi-fi and cameras.

4
Quality Control

• Quality Control (QC) is a technique used in all
  areas of manufacturing. It is a technique used to
  check quality against a set standard or
  specification. It may be used to check the
  dimensions of a product or component. We say that
  the component has been checked to ensure that it
  is within accepted tolerances (acceptable
  variations of sizes which stray from the optimum
  size).Quality Control requires constant
  inspection throughout the manufacturing process
  in order to detect products which are not up to
  the required standard. These inspections are also
  carried out on the completion of a product by
  trained inspectors.

5
Quality Assurance

• Quality Assurance (QA) is a a companies guarantee
  that the product or service it offers meets the
  accepted quality standards. The planned checking
  procedures take place 'before, during and after'
  and the aim is to get it ' right first time,
  every time'. Quality Assurance must be the
  responsibility of everybody involved in the
  creation of a product or service. QA must be
  built into every stage of product development and
  every stage of the manufacturing process.

6
Total Quality Management

• Total Quality Management (TQM) takes Quality
  control even further. Its aim is to create a
  Quality Culture . A company that embraces (TQA)
  is a company that is continually attempting to
  improve its products and its performance.
  Customers tend to be loyal to this type of
  organisation.

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Tolerances

• When we describe the word tolerance we are really
  defining how much variation from a precise size
  specification can be allowed. It would be ideal
  for there to be no variation at all this is
  called zero tolerance but in reality this is very
  difficult to achieve. To achieve zero tolerance
  costs more money.Some products for example
  computer chips and some engineering components
  have to be accurate to - 10 microns ( 10 microns
  above or below the optimum size).Other products
  for example a garden shed may be accurate to -
  50mm.

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Ergonomics of a buggy
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Example of Ergonomics on buggy

• A moulded handle
• A canopy
• Seat belt
• Hand rail
• Quick release folding device
• Wheels
• Castor front wheel
• Foot rest
• Under seat storage
• Correctly sized for occupant
• Shape of the seat

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Examples of mechanisms on buggy

• Wheel
• Castor
• Brake lever
• Disc brake
• Quick release frame fastener
• Folding hinges

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Brakes Cantilever brakes
With the calliper brake two bell cranks both
pivot on the same bolt. They are operated by the
cable, which runs to the break lever at the
handlebars. The force is transferred through the
cable. Input pull lever, Process force
transferred through cable, Output brake blocks
press against wheel rim.
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Brakes - Two bell cranks
The drawing below shows the mountain bike brake
system. The two bell cranks pivot on separate
bolts.
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Why use Wood?

• Wood is a sustainable resource as it can be
  reproduced.
• Wood should only be used from managed forests
  where trees are replanted once they have been cut
  down.
• Wooden products are relatively easy to repair.
• Wood is capable of being recycled into chipboard,
  mdf, card and paper.
• Wooden products can be re used to manufacture
  other wooden products.
• Wood has the less effect on the environment than
  many other resistant materials.
• Wood is biodegradable and will return nutrients
  back into the soil.
• Wood should not be burned as it will give off
  carbon dioxide leading to a reduction in the
  ozone layer and adding to global warming.
• Wood should not be used from unknown sources as
  it may have harmed the environment when it was
  cut down.
• Used wooden products can fuel bio mass power
  stations