The Byzantine Empire

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The Byzantine Empire

• The Split of Rome and the foundations for Russia

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Eastern Europe Heir to the Byzantine Empire-

• What was the geography of Eastern Europe?
• Who are the people that make up this area?
• Kievan Russia What is that all about?
• What impact did the Mongols have on Russia?

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The Byzantine Empire

• Out of Rome Into Russia

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• The Byzantine Empire was the eastern half of the
  Roman Empire, which survived for a thousand years
  after the western half had crumbled into various
  feudal kingdoms and which finally fell to Ottoman
  Turkish onslaughts in 1453.
• The city of Byzantium grew from an ancient Greek
  colony founded on the European side of the
  Bosporus.

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The Empire at its Height

• 565-1000
• The empire withstood attacks from the Persians,
  Slavs, Arabs, Vikings, Mongols and the Turks
• The empire was able to hold on to the Balkans and
  parts of Asia minor.
• The strong central govt helped keep the empire
  in tact.

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Where exactly was this empire?Geography
History Questions

• The empire generally is known to last from about
  500 AD-1500.
• Built on the Eastern portion of the Roman Empire.
  While the west was falling, the east maintained
  the culture of Rome.
• The major city was Constantinople.

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Age of Justinian

• 527-565
• He rebuilt the Hagia Sophia

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• ByzantiumThe Byzantine emperor Justinian
  (527-565 CE) is best remembered for organizing
  ancient Roman laws into a collection of civil
  laws known today as Justinian's Code.  It was so
  successful, that later rulers only added to it or
  updated it periodically. Justinian's Code became
  the foundation of medieval law, and was even used
  by the Roman Catholic Church. Today,
  international law still uses some concepts first
  assembled by Justinian.

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Code of Laws

• Corpus Juris Civilis Body of Civil Law
• Included Roman ideals
• This sets the foundations for civil and church
  laws
• Law was meant to unite an empire (one law for all
  people)

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Justice is the set and constant purpose which
gives to every man his due. jurisprudence is the
knowledge of things divine and human, the science
of the just and the unjust.... The precepts of
the law are these to live honestly, to injure no
one, and to give every man his due. The study of
law consists of two branches, law public and law
private. The former relates to the welfare of the
Roman State the latter to the advantage of the
individual citizen. Of private law then we may
say that it is of threefold origin, being
collected from the precepts of nature, from those
of the law of nations, or from those of the civil
law of Rome. The law of nature is that which she
has taught all animals a law not peculiar to the
human race, but shared by all living creatures,
whether denizens of the air, the dry land, or the
sea. Hence comes the union of male and female,
which we call marriage hence the procreation and
rearing of children, for this is a law by the
knowledge of which we see even the lower animals
are distinguished. The civil law of Rome, and the
law of all nations, differ from each other thus.
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Christianity in the Empire

• The Byzantine emperor was the highest ranking
  person in the church (but not a priest)
• There was a rejection of the Popes role and
  rule.
• The clergy could marry
• Easter is the MOST important holiday.
• Greek was the languagenot Latin.ltin churchgt
• The great schism or split happened in 1054
• -This split the Eastern Orthodox Roman
  Catholic Church.
• Eastern Orthodox is the primary religion of
  Eastern Europeans(Russians, Ukrainians)

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Impacts on the Region

• Laws
• Strong trading economy
• Learning
• Fosters the growth of Russia (Kiev)

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Eastern Europe Heir to the Byzantine Empire-

• What was the geography of Eastern Europe?
• Who are the people that make up this area?
• Kievan Russia What is that all about?
• What impact did the Mongols have on Russia?

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The Geography of Russia

• There are 3 ZONES
• 1. NORTHERN FORESTS
• SOUTHERN FERTRILE LANDS (UKRAINE-THE BREAD BASKET
  OF RUSSIA)
• SOUTH- STEPPE
• STEPPE- OPEN GRASSY TREELESS PASTURES THAT WERE
  GOOD FOR NOMADIC FARMERS.
• THE RIVER NETWORKS SERVED AS EXCELLENT
  TRANSPORTATION FOR PEOPLE AND GOODS
• THE DNIEPER AND THE VOLGA WERER THE 2 MAIN RIVERS.

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Growth of Kiev

• Earliest peoples The Slavs- clanlike people that
  lived in small villages.
• The Varangians/Vikings- from Scandanavia
• Tremendous Byzantine influence- Religion,
  Language
• Religion- Eastern Orthodox
• Language- Cyrillic
• Art- Domes

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Mongol Conquest of Russia

• By 1200 the Golden Horde came through Russia and
  conquered all in their path.
• Ghenghis Kahn
• During his conquest he allowed for locals to
  practice their religion and language for HEAVEY
  TRIBUTES/TAXES
• There was absolute control of the Russiansthis
  RETARDED their growth!

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By 1050 Wars with the Khans internal problems

• The Mongols (Golden Horde) interact w/ Russia
• The Mongols allow Russia to keep her religion for
  heavy taxes or tributes
• The system of feudalism is established
• By 1240-1500 The Dark Ages of Russia
• Look at the dates what is going on in Western
  Europe?

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The Emergence of the Ivans

• Ivan I 1328 Prince of Moscovy (appointed grand
  prince by the Khan)
• Ivan the Moneybags (he collect the from the
  peasants that was given to the Kahn)
• Ivan II III see the weakening of the Kahn in
  Russia
• Ivan III unified most of the territories against
  the Kahn/Mongols
• He refuses to pay tributes
• He is known as Ivan the Great
• The term TSAR or CZAR is used for Caesar
• Ivan IV The Terrible
• He gave power to the nobles and made life for the
  serfs worse. (this is at a time when serfdom in
  Western Europe was coming to an end) pp.228-230