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The American Colonies

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Title: The American Colonies


1
The American Colonies
2
Native American Culture
  • Way of life varied based on location Farmers,
    Nomadic, etc. Not all Native Americans are the
    same
  • Organized by kinship groups Clans and tribes
  • Followed religious rituals and believed in
    earthly spirits and forces Believed in multiple
    spirits of the earth such as wind, fire, rain,
    etc.
  • Oral History and tradition
  • Used barter system across regions
  • BELIEVED LAND SHOULD NOT AND COULD NOT BE OWNED-
    It was everybodys

3
Christopher Columbus
  • Christopher Columbus convinced King Ferdinand and
    Queen Isabella to have three ships.
  • The three ships were Nina, Pinta, and Santa
    Maria.
  • He landed in the Bahama Islands on October 12,
    1492.
  • His exploration ushered in the AGE OF EXPLORATION

Picture Credit http//www.mariner.org/age/columbu
s.html
4
Christopher Columbus
  • Also named San Salvador meaning Holy Savior.
  • He saw people and named them Indians because
    he thought that he was in the West Indies.

5
Columbian Exchange
  • As a result of Columbuss voyages to the New
    World, an exchange began between the Americas and
    the rest of the world.
  • Cultural Diffusion- Spread of
  • Culture throughout the world

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Columbian Exchange
Americas to Europe Europe to Americas
Potatoes Tomatoes Sugar, Tea, Coffee
Maize, (Corn) Horses, pigs, sheep, goats, cattle, rats
Tobacco Diseases (smallpox, measles, whooping cough, bubonic plague, malaria, yellow fever )
Chocolate Asian cockroaches, Japanese beetle
8
Countries
  • - France
  • a.) Active in fur trade
  • b.) Canada and lands west of Appalachian
    Mountains
  • Spain
  • a.) Active in Florida and American Southwest
  • b.) Established St. Augustine- FIRST permanent
    settlement in what will become the U.S.
  • England
  • a.) Slow to become involved worried of expense
  • b.) Will come to dominate East coast of North
    America
  • WHY?- GOD, GOLD, and GLORY!!!

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Types of Colonies JOINT STOCK Companies (Charter
Colony)
  • Joint-Stock Companies
  • Owned by a corporation and stock holders
  • Economic ventures
  • Elected own officials
  • Jamestown, Virginia- Virginia Company

11
Types of Colonies Proprietary
  • Owned by a person or family after land is given
    from king or queen
  • Make laws and appoint officials as they saw fit

12
Types of Colonies ROYAL COLONY
  • Under direct control of the King and he appoints
    the Royal Governor who appoints other officials
  • By the time of the Revolutionary War- all
    colonies were considered Royal- Controlled by the
    King

13
England Starts Badly
  • The English Colonies were established for a
    variety of reasons but mainly for RELIGION and
    WEALTH
  • Roanoke
  • a.) Multiple attempts to establish colony in
    North Carolina (Virginia)
  • b.) Close to 100 colonists disappeared
  • c.) Croatoan

14
Jamestown
  • First permanent ENGLISH settlement in North
    America- 1607
  • Named in honor of King James
  • Located in Virginia
  • Famous Leader- John Smith
  • Aided by local Natives including Pocahontas
  • Colony saved by Tobacco and John Rolfe

15
Jamestown
  • Critical to the early survival of Jamestown was
    the policies of the Native Americans that allowed
    them to establish a settlement- a decision they
    no doubt regretted later
  • First permanent ENGLISH settlement in North
    America- 1607
  • Virginia Company of London Intended for short
    term gain and then to be abandoned
  • Named in honor of King James
  • Located in Virginia
  • The CHARTER was important because it clearly
    stated that colonist would have the same rights
    as English citizens

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19
Jamestown
  • Early Years- Were a nightmare
  • 40 would be colonists died during the initial
    voyage (1606-07)
  • Dozens more died once on shore of disease,
    malnutrition, and starvation
  • The colonists were more concerned with finding
    gold so they spent their time searching for this
    instead of hunting the abundant game and fishing

20
http//www.preservationvirginia.org/rediscovery/pa
ge.php?page_id25
http//www.womenlargejaw.com/node/992
21
http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FileView_of_James_To
wn_Island,_Captain_John_Smith_Statue.jpg
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Jamestown The Starving Time
  • Despite effective leadership by John Smith and
    the aid of the Natives, the colonists were still
    dying in droves
  • Were reduced to eat dogges, Catts, Ratts, and
    Myce. (31)
  • Some even dug up corpses and one man was executed
    for killing his wife and salting her to eat
  • Of 400 hundred in Virginia in 1609- only 60
    survived the starving time of winter 1609-10

24
John Rolfe
  • Saved Jamestown because he brought tobacco
    seeds
  • Tobacco grew well in the Virginia climate
  • Europeans couldnt get enough of it and Jamestown
    became a profitable colony at long last
  • Colonists would grow it in the streets and even
    between graves. They even had to import their
    food
  • Wore out the land, also was labor intensive which
    meant more labor would be needed- Guess Who?

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The Pilgrims
  • Went from England to Holland to North America in
    search of religious tolerance Took 66 days
  • Were considered Separatists from the Puritans
    which wanted to purify the church
  • Settled the Plymouth Colony in MA in 1620
  • Mayflower Compact Named for their ship /
    Contract between the Pilgrims / Common good / 1st
    example of consent to be governed- similar to
    our constitution FOUNDATION OF SELF GOVERNMENT

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Thanksgiving
  • Pilgrims didnt take the land from Natives- tribe
    had all died
  • Was probably between Sept-Nov, most likely Oct.
  • Celebrated in 1621 but not again for many years
  • G. Washington proclaimed 1st national
    Thanksgiving in 1789
  • A. Lincoln made it national holiday for last
    Thursday in November
  • FD Roosevelt moved it to the second to last
    Thursdaywhy?

29
Pilgrims
30
THINK!What impacted the development of the
distinct cultures of the New England, Middle, and
Southern Colonies?
31
New England Colonies
  • Connecticut
  • Massachusetts
  • New Hampshire
  • Rhode Island
  • (Maine- will break from MA)

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33
New England Colonies
  • Reasons Religious, Establish Puritan society,
    and Fur Trade
  • Economy Fishing, Ship building, whaling and Fur
    Trade
  • Important People
  • - Roger Williams Established Providence, Rhode
    Island and First Baptist Religion in America
  • - Thomas Hooker Puritan who founded Connecticut

34
Middle Colonies
  • New York (Taken from Dutch)
  • New Jersey (From Dutch)
  • Pennsylvania
  • Delaware

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36
Middle Colonies
  • Reasons Expansion, Religious Tolerance, Freedom
  • Economy Trade, Farming, and Lumber

37
William Penn
  • Established Quaker Pennsylvania, Wrote democratic
    constitution, Called for fair treatment of
    Natives, and wanted union of colonies

38
Southern Colonies
  • Virginia
  • Maryland
  • Georgia
  • The Carolinas- Later North and South

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40
Southern Colonies
  • Reasons Gold, Escape Debt (Georgia), Land
    wealth, Religious
  • Economy Tobacco, Rice, Indigo Crops Labor
    intensive crops- Need for slaves
  • Tobacco and John Rolfe saved Jamestown and
    Virginia

41
Important People
  • Captain John Smith- Led Jamestown, Helped it
    prosper, Those who dont work, dont eat
  • John Rolfe- First successful cultivation of
    tobacco- became main export crop
  • Pocahontas- Credited with helping to save John
    Smith and help colony survive. Married John
    Rolfe- Lived in England

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43
What impacted the development of the distinct
cultures of the New England, Middle, and Southern
Colonies?
  • Religion, Economy, and Climate

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45
SLAVERY
  • African slaves were first taken to Portuguese and
    Spanish colonies in the Caribbean, Mexico,
    Central America, and South America in the early
    1500s
  • Were brought over as part of Triangular Trade
    between Africa, Europe, and the Americas
  • Portion of trip that brought slaves was the
    Middle Passage
  • Were seen as better workers than Natives because
    more immune to diseases
  • 1638- African Male cost 27 dollars (European
    Labor .70/ day)
  • Originally used for servants for the rich- Later
    more manual labor and violent

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Amistad
  • http//www.youtube.com/watch?vmXS6JAhMe1Qfeature
    player_
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