Title: The American Colonies
1The American Colonies
2Native American Culture
- Way of life varied based on location Farmers,
Nomadic, etc. Not all Native Americans are the
same - Organized by kinship groups Clans and tribes
- Followed religious rituals and believed in
earthly spirits and forces Believed in multiple
spirits of the earth such as wind, fire, rain,
etc. - Oral History and tradition
- Used barter system across regions
- BELIEVED LAND SHOULD NOT AND COULD NOT BE OWNED-
It was everybodys
3Christopher Columbus
- Christopher Columbus convinced King Ferdinand and
Queen Isabella to have three ships. - The three ships were Nina, Pinta, and Santa
Maria. - He landed in the Bahama Islands on October 12,
1492. - His exploration ushered in the AGE OF EXPLORATION
Picture Credit http//www.mariner.org/age/columbu
s.html
4Christopher Columbus
- Also named San Salvador meaning Holy Savior.
- He saw people and named them Indians because
he thought that he was in the West Indies.
5Columbian Exchange
- As a result of Columbuss voyages to the New
World, an exchange began between the Americas and
the rest of the world. - Cultural Diffusion- Spread of
- Culture throughout the world
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7Columbian Exchange
Americas to Europe Europe to Americas
Potatoes Tomatoes Sugar, Tea, Coffee
Maize, (Corn) Horses, pigs, sheep, goats, cattle, rats
Tobacco Diseases (smallpox, measles, whooping cough, bubonic plague, malaria, yellow fever )
Chocolate Asian cockroaches, Japanese beetle
8Countries
- - France
- a.) Active in fur trade
- b.) Canada and lands west of Appalachian
Mountains - Spain
- a.) Active in Florida and American Southwest
- b.) Established St. Augustine- FIRST permanent
settlement in what will become the U.S. - England
- a.) Slow to become involved worried of expense
- b.) Will come to dominate East coast of North
America - WHY?- GOD, GOLD, and GLORY!!!
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10Types of Colonies JOINT STOCK Companies (Charter
Colony)
- Joint-Stock Companies
- Owned by a corporation and stock holders
- Economic ventures
- Elected own officials
- Jamestown, Virginia- Virginia Company
-
11Types of Colonies Proprietary
- Owned by a person or family after land is given
from king or queen - Make laws and appoint officials as they saw fit
12Types of Colonies ROYAL COLONY
- Under direct control of the King and he appoints
the Royal Governor who appoints other officials - By the time of the Revolutionary War- all
colonies were considered Royal- Controlled by the
King
13England Starts Badly
- The English Colonies were established for a
variety of reasons but mainly for RELIGION and
WEALTH - Roanoke
- a.) Multiple attempts to establish colony in
North Carolina (Virginia) - b.) Close to 100 colonists disappeared
- c.) Croatoan
14Jamestown
- First permanent ENGLISH settlement in North
America- 1607 - Named in honor of King James
- Located in Virginia
- Famous Leader- John Smith
- Aided by local Natives including Pocahontas
- Colony saved by Tobacco and John Rolfe
15Jamestown
- Critical to the early survival of Jamestown was
the policies of the Native Americans that allowed
them to establish a settlement- a decision they
no doubt regretted later - First permanent ENGLISH settlement in North
America- 1607 - Virginia Company of London Intended for short
term gain and then to be abandoned - Named in honor of King James
- Located in Virginia
- The CHARTER was important because it clearly
stated that colonist would have the same rights
as English citizens
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19Jamestown
- Early Years- Were a nightmare
- 40 would be colonists died during the initial
voyage (1606-07) - Dozens more died once on shore of disease,
malnutrition, and starvation - The colonists were more concerned with finding
gold so they spent their time searching for this
instead of hunting the abundant game and fishing
20http//www.preservationvirginia.org/rediscovery/pa
ge.php?page_id25
http//www.womenlargejaw.com/node/992
21http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FileView_of_James_To
wn_Island,_Captain_John_Smith_Statue.jpg
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23Jamestown The Starving Time
- Despite effective leadership by John Smith and
the aid of the Natives, the colonists were still
dying in droves - Were reduced to eat dogges, Catts, Ratts, and
Myce. (31) - Some even dug up corpses and one man was executed
for killing his wife and salting her to eat - Of 400 hundred in Virginia in 1609- only 60
survived the starving time of winter 1609-10
24John Rolfe
- Saved Jamestown because he brought tobacco
seeds - Tobacco grew well in the Virginia climate
- Europeans couldnt get enough of it and Jamestown
became a profitable colony at long last - Colonists would grow it in the streets and even
between graves. They even had to import their
food - Wore out the land, also was labor intensive which
meant more labor would be needed- Guess Who?
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26The Pilgrims
- Went from England to Holland to North America in
search of religious tolerance Took 66 days - Were considered Separatists from the Puritans
which wanted to purify the church - Settled the Plymouth Colony in MA in 1620
- Mayflower Compact Named for their ship /
Contract between the Pilgrims / Common good / 1st
example of consent to be governed- similar to
our constitution FOUNDATION OF SELF GOVERNMENT
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28Thanksgiving
- Pilgrims didnt take the land from Natives- tribe
had all died - Was probably between Sept-Nov, most likely Oct.
- Celebrated in 1621 but not again for many years
- G. Washington proclaimed 1st national
Thanksgiving in 1789 - A. Lincoln made it national holiday for last
Thursday in November - FD Roosevelt moved it to the second to last
Thursdaywhy?
29Pilgrims
30THINK!What impacted the development of the
distinct cultures of the New England, Middle, and
Southern Colonies?
31New England Colonies
- Connecticut
- Massachusetts
- New Hampshire
- Rhode Island
- (Maine- will break from MA)
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33New England Colonies
- Reasons Religious, Establish Puritan society,
and Fur Trade - Economy Fishing, Ship building, whaling and Fur
Trade - Important People
- - Roger Williams Established Providence, Rhode
Island and First Baptist Religion in America - - Thomas Hooker Puritan who founded Connecticut
34Middle Colonies
- New York (Taken from Dutch)
- New Jersey (From Dutch)
- Pennsylvania
- Delaware
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36Middle Colonies
- Reasons Expansion, Religious Tolerance, Freedom
- Economy Trade, Farming, and Lumber
37William Penn
- Established Quaker Pennsylvania, Wrote democratic
constitution, Called for fair treatment of
Natives, and wanted union of colonies
38Southern Colonies
- Virginia
- Maryland
- Georgia
- The Carolinas- Later North and South
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40Southern Colonies
- Reasons Gold, Escape Debt (Georgia), Land
wealth, Religious - Economy Tobacco, Rice, Indigo Crops Labor
intensive crops- Need for slaves - Tobacco and John Rolfe saved Jamestown and
Virginia
41Important People
- Captain John Smith- Led Jamestown, Helped it
prosper, Those who dont work, dont eat - John Rolfe- First successful cultivation of
tobacco- became main export crop - Pocahontas- Credited with helping to save John
Smith and help colony survive. Married John
Rolfe- Lived in England
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43What impacted the development of the distinct
cultures of the New England, Middle, and Southern
Colonies?
- Religion, Economy, and Climate
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45SLAVERY
- African slaves were first taken to Portuguese and
Spanish colonies in the Caribbean, Mexico,
Central America, and South America in the early
1500s - Were brought over as part of Triangular Trade
between Africa, Europe, and the Americas - Portion of trip that brought slaves was the
Middle Passage - Were seen as better workers than Natives because
more immune to diseases - 1638- African Male cost 27 dollars (European
Labor .70/ day) - Originally used for servants for the rich- Later
more manual labor and violent
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50Amistad
- http//www.youtube.com/watch?vmXS6JAhMe1Qfeature
player_