Folk Architecture

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• Folk Architecture
• The most visible aspect of the folk landscape
• Provide the unique character of each district or
  province

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• Built on mental images that change little from
  one generation to the next

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• Dwellings range from massive houses of stone for
  permanency, to temporary brush thatch huts

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• Structures tend to blend nicely with the natural
  landscape

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Santa Fe
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Sedona
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Folk architecture is traditional and functional
using local materials wood, brick, stone, skins
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• Climate and vegetation influence choice of
  construction materials

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• Longitude and distance from ocean is very
  important to climate
• Low latitudes are near the equator (0-30 degrees)
• High latitudes are near the poles (60-90)
• Middle latitudes are in between and where most
  people live. (30-60)

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Tropics
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• Simple explanation of climate
• There are 5 basic climates
• Polar ice with little people so not significant
  to this class
• Cold mid latitude Very cold winters but pretty
  nice the rest of the year
• Mild mid latitude Temperatures are mild and it
  rarely freezes
• Humid low latitude it rains a lot and never
  freezes

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• Dry Also called arid. Very little precipitation
  but it might have very cold winters. Not all
  deserts are hot but it rarely rains.

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Could use different names
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• Simple explanation of biomes (large zones of a
  type of vegetation)
• Near the equator there is tropical forest
• Between north pole and the northern forest there
  is tundra (the soil is frozen most of the year
  but not always covered in snow)
• in the colder mid latitudes there is forest
  (Russia, Canada, U.S. etc)
• There are deserts with brush (rarely sand dunes,
  usually bushes with walking distance between
  them).
• In between these two extremes grasslands are
  found (called savanna in the tropics where there
  is a dry season)

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• Folk housing building materials.
• Stone Construction
• Most live in rocky, deforested lands
• Mediterranean farmers
• rural residents of northern India and
  southwestern China (Tibet)
• Andean highlands

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• Earthen construction including Sun-dried (adobe)
  bricks
• People in arid areas (deserts)

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• Sod construction

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• In pioneer times, the American Great Plains

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• in prairie (mid latitude grasslands)
• Russian steppes

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• The first Europeans in Northern Canada

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• tundra areas

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Canadian Barns were first made of sod TQ
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• Tent housing
• Nomadic herders often live in portable tents made
  of skins or wool

This is a yurt
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• Logs and sawn lumber (wood)
• where timber is abundant
• Middle and higher latitudes
• The United States and Canada, log cabins and
  later frame houses
• Folk houses of northern Europe
• Eastern Australia
• Central India

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• Half-timbering
• wood frame with building material in between
  such as clay or plaster.
• middle and higher latitudes
• Often deforested regions where wood is scarce
• Central Europe
• Central China

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• Poles, bamboo, leaves and bark
• Traditional people living in tropical rain forests

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• Brush thatched
• People in the tropical grasslands (tropics with a
  dry season)
• especially in Africa
• Australia
• Brazil

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Youll need to study this from the powerpoint at
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• Folk housing in North America
• Few folk houses are being built today
• Popular culture with its mass-produced,
  commercially built houses has overwhelmed folk
  traditions
• Many folk houses survive in refuge regions

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• Important factor in distinguishing different folk
  housing types in the U.S. TQ
• choice of building materials
• form in which the structure is arranged
• climate in which the structure is built

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Regions and diffusion
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• Today, house types in the US are distinguished by
  the following TQ
• they display few regional distinctions
• they are usually mass-produced
• alternative styles have diffused throughout the
  country
• no longer three distinct regions